eu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "eu"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of Basque and Spanish euskera.

Symbol

eu

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Basque.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Basque terms

Aromanian

Pronoun

eu

1. alternative form of io

Bourguignon

Etymology

From Latin ovum.

Noun

eu m (plural eus)

1. egg

Chuukese

Numeral

eu

1. one

Related terms

• aewin (“ordinal”)
• eche
• efoch
• efou
• emon
• et

Corsican

Pronoun

eu

1. alternative form of eiu

References

• “eiu, eo, eu, ghjeu” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Drehu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eu/

Adverb

eu

1. when

References

• Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983), Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• Leenhardt, M. (1946), Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

French

Etymology

From Middle French eu, from Old French eü, from Vulgar Latin *habūtus, replacing Classical Latin habitus.

The spelling, which contradicts the pronunciation, is because Middle French -eu- besides /ø/ also sometimes represented long /yː/. The latter cases were generally replaced with -û- in Early Modern French, e.g. dû, flûte for Middle French deu, fleute. However, in the case of eu and related forms the spelling û was considered awkward and so the Middle French form was preserved.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /y/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Homophones: eue, eues, eus, eut, eût, u (general), us (one pronunciation), hue, huent, hues (aspirated)

Participle

eu (feminine eue, masculine plural eus, feminine plural eues)

1. past participle of avoir

Anagrams

• UE

Galician

Alternative forms

• ieu, i-eu (after a vowel)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈew/, (occasionally) /ˈɛw/, /ˈɪw/, (sandhi) /ˈjew/

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

eu (after a preposition min, accusative me, dative me)

1. I
   • 1399, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 580:

     Saban todos que yeu Fernan Martinez, Clerigo rector da Yglesia de San Thomas da pescaria da Vila da Cruña

     Everyone know this, that I Fernán Martinez, rector cleric of the church of Saint Tomas, of the Pescaría (fishery) of the Town of A Coruña

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		min	comigo	—
	second		ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
	third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	con ela	—
plural	first		nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos		nós	connosco	—
	second		vós vosoutros m vosoutras f	vos		vós	convosco	vostedes
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	—

• Appendix:Galician pronouns

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “eu”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “yeu”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ieu”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “eu”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Japanese

Romanization

eu

1. Rōmaji transcription of えう

Latin

Etymology

Compare Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”, adverb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛu̯]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛːu̯]

Interjection

eu

1. bravo! well done!

See also

• euge
• eugepae
• euhoe
• e͡uax

References

• “eu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “eu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

Interjection

eu

1. Use to draw somebody's attention

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish occaib.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eu/

Pronoun

eu (emphatic euish)

1. second-person plural/form of ec

   at you/ye

2. (idiomatic) your (plural)

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

eu

1. alternative form of ewe

Etymology 2

Pronoun

eu

1. (chiefly Early Middle English) alternative form of yow

Nias

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw, from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.

Noun

eu (mutated form geu)

1. wood

References

• Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 61.

Old French

Verb

eu

1. past participle of avoir

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛw/

Pronoun

eu

1. I
   • 13th century, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, João Garcia de Guilhade, A 229: Amigos, non poss'eu negar (facsimile)

     [O]s ollos uerdes que eu ui / me façen ora andar aſſi.

     The green eyes which I have seen / have made me now be like this.

Descendants

• Eonavian: eu
• Fala: ei
• Galician: eu
• Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• ieu
• ie (before an enclitic)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛw/

Pronoun

eu

1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

Descendants

• Occitan: ieu

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• giu
• iu

Etymology

See iu.

Pronoun

eu

1. you (accusative)

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī, me, mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī, thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is
dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero, unka
	2nd person		git	ink		inker, inka
plural	1st person		wī, we	ūs, unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī, ge	eu, iu, iuu		euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Doublet of ego.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈew/ [ˈeʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈew/

• (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): (sandhi) /ˈjew/
• (Alentejo, Algarve, Azores, Madeira) IPA^(key): (unstressed) [e]

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Northeast Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: eu

Pronoun

eu

1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:

     Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!

     I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

2. (Brazil, nonstandard, proscribed) first-person singular prepositional pronoun; me

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:eu.

Derived terms

• euzinho / euzinha (diminutive)

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with com	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		mim	comigo	—
	second		tu	te		ti	contigo	você o senhor m a senhora f
	third	m	ele	o (lo, no)	lhe	ele	com ele	o mesmo
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	com ela	a mesma
plural	first		nós	nos		nós	connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)	a gente
	second		vós	vos		vós	convosco com vós	vocês os senhores m as senhoras f
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lhes	eles	com eles	os mesmos
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	com elas	as mesmas
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	o mesmo etc. (reflexive)

Noun

eu m (plural eus)

1. (chiefly philosophy) ego; self (individual person as the object of his own reflective consciousness)

   Synonym: ego

Derived terms

• eu lírico

Related terms

• ego

Interjection

eu!

1. Used to draw attention to oneself after having their name called.

   Dr. Hélio? – Eu!

   Dr. Hélio? – Here!

Descendants

• Barranquian: ê
• Kristang: yo
• Macanese: iou, io, ieu

Further reading

• “eu”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “eu”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Romanian

Alternative forms

• eŭ — old orthography
• io — colloquial

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (pronoun) /jew/, (noun) /ew/
• IPA^(key): (pronoun, colloquial) /jo/
• Rhymes: -ew
• Hyphenation: eu

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

eu

1. (nominative form) I

Declension

Declension of eu

	stressed	unstressed
nominative	eu
accusative	mine	mă
dative	mie	îmi
possessive forms
	singular	plural
masculine	meu	mei
neuter		mele
feminine	mea

See also

Romanian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		eu	noi
2nd person	plain	tu	voi
	semi-polite	dumneata	dumneavoastră
	polite	dumneavoastră
3rd person	familiar m	el	ei
	familiar f	ea	ele
	polite m	dumnealui	dumnealor
	polite f	dumneaei

Noun

eu n (plural euri)

1. ego

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	eu	eul		euri	eurile
genitive-dative	eu	eului		euri	eurilor
vocative	eule			eurilor

Romansch

Pronoun

eu (Vallader)

1. alternative form of jau (“I”)

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeu/

Pronoun

eu

1. alternative form of éiu: I
   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Springtime]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13:

     […] guasi guasi credu
     chi podaristhia eu puru
     o dubaristhia
     nascì torra. […]

     I almost believe that I, too, can, or should, be born again.

   • 2020 March 25, Ignazio Sanna, “Di nomme fozzu Asdrubale [My name is Asdrubale]”, in Ignazio Sanna - Prosa e poesia in sassarese‎:

     Faccisigàddu, diggu grazie a Firumèna chi s’alluntàna e s’arròmba a lu muru; eu a lu muru d’aócci.

     Embarrassed, I thank Filomena, who distances herself, and leans on the wall; I [lean] to the opposite wall.

See also

• me
• meggu
• mi
• méiu

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Sicilian

Alternative forms

• jeu (paroxytone, diphthongized)
• ju (oxytone doublet)
• jo (o-coloured variant, dialectal, possible Italianism/Hispanism)
• ia (Gallo-Italic of Sicily, dialectal)
• iu (Italianism, dialectal)
• jù, jèu, jò, ìa, ìu (nonstandard, with redundant diacritics)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Cognate with Aromanian iou, Corsican eiu, French je, Italian and Neapolitan io, Catalan jo, Galician and Portuguese eu, Romanian eu, Spanish yo, Sardinian ego. Doublet of ju.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛu/, [ˈɛ.ʊ], [ˈɛw], [ˈjɛ.ʊ]
• Hyphenation: è‧u

Pronoun

eu

1. (first person singular pronoun) I

   Eu sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu. ― I can read Sicilian.

Inflection

nominative	eu
prepositional	(a) mìa
accusative	mi
dative	mi
reflexive	mi

See also

• tu
• iḍḍu, iḍḍa
• nui, nuiautri
• vui, vuiautri
• iḍḍi

Welsh

Alternative forms

• 'u (after vowels)
• 'w (after the preposition i)

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ei̯/
  • (colloquial) IPA^(key): /iː/, /ɪ/
• Homophone: ei
• Rhymes: -ei̯

Usage notes

• Despite being written as u, the vowel here is /i̯/ in north Wales, making it homophonous with singular ei in all varieties of the spoken language.

Determiner

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

1. their

   Cwynent am eu blinder a’u hafiechyd.

   They complained of their weariness and their illness.

Pronoun

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

1. them (as the direct object of a verbal noun)

   Rhaid sganio’r ffeiliau cyn eu hagor a’u harchwilio.

   You have to scan the files before opening them and exploring them.

Usage notes

• Nhw is often added after the noun or verbnoun which eu precedes. In formal language, this is done to emphasise the determiner or pronoun. In colloquial language, it is not necessarily an indicator of emphasis, and is often included with the determiner and always included with the pronoun. The exception to the latter case is in passive constructions employing cael, where nhw is never used.
• In formal Welsh, the contraction ’u is a valid form of eu found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, eu is often contracted to ’u after almost any vowel-final word.
• Pronomial eu and ’u can occur before any verbal noun. Before a verb, pronomial ’u is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles. See entry for ’u for more information.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “eu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• owú

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ē.ú/

Noun

eú

1. (Ekiti) anvil

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ʔeːu˨˦/
• Tone numbers: eu¹
• Hyphenation: eu

Etymology 1

Verb

eu (1957–1982 spelling eu)

1. to sing (a folk song)

Etymology 2

Adjective

eu (1957–1982 spelling eu)

1. weak; frail; feeble