kynde

English

Noun

kynde (plural kyndes)

1. Obsolete form of kind.
   • 1545, Desiderius Erasmus, A Very Pleasaunt & Fruitful Diologe Called the Epicure‎:

     Yea, but Marcus Tullius nameth that the ende of godlines which is an exquisite, a far passing, and a very absolute goodnes in euerye puincte, wherein there is contained all kynde of vertu: vnto the knowledge ther of whosoeuer can attaine, shuld desire none other thig, but hold himselfe hauyng onely that, as one most fully content and satisfied.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From the oblique cases of Old English cynd, ġecynd, from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from *kund-, oblique stem of Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from *ǵn̥h₁-t-, oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Compare kyn.

Alternative forms

• kind, kinde, kyend, kynd
• kuinde, kund, kunde, kuynde, (early) cunde, icund, icunde, ikunde (Southern, West Midland)
• kende, (early) ȝekinde, ikende, ikinde, (late) keende, kend (East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiːnd(ə)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈkyːnd(ə)/ (Southern, West Midland)
• IPA^(key): /ˈkeːnd(ə)/, /ˈkɛnd(ə)/ (East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9)

Noun

kynde (plural kyndes or (West Midlands) kuynden)

1. Nature, disposition:
   1. The intrinsic nature or character of something.
   2. The natural instincts or sentiments of humankind.
   3. The temperament or personality of a particular creature or person.
      • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “vij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:

        And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede / […] / and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   4. An (especially inherent) attribute, behaviour, or habit:
   5. Appearance, form, or shape.

      Synonym: forme

   6. Constitution, substance, or regenerative capacity.
2. A kind or category (originally only of living beings):
   1. Humankind, humanity.
   2. Sex, gender, or less commonly, that indicative of it (i.e. genitalia or semen).
   3. (rare, Late Middle English) Grammatical gender.
3. An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:

   Synonyms: kyn, kynrede

   • c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Dedication]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 3, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:

     Nu broþerr Ƿallꞇ͛. broþerͬ min. Affꞇ͛ þe flæsheſſ kĩde⹎ ⁊ broþerͬ mın ı crıſſtenndom. Þurrh fulluhht⹎ ⁊ þurrh troꟕþe⹎ ⁊ broþerr mın ı ꟑodeſſ huſ […]

     Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]

   1. One's parents or ancestors; lineage, ancestry.
   2. One's children or descendants; progeny.
   3. Inheritance; inherited property or rank.
4. The natural universe; nature (often personified)

Related terms

• gavelkynde
• kyndehede
• kyndel
• kyndelen
• kyndely
• mankynde
• wommankynde

Descendants

• English: kind
• Middle Scots: kynd
  • Scots: kind, kin'

References

• “kīnde, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “ikīnde, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old English cynde, ġecynde, from cynd, ġecynd +‎ -e (adjectival suffix).

Alternative forms

• kind, kinde, kynd
• cunde, kund, kunde, kuynde, (early) icunde, i-cunde, ikunde (Southern, West Midland)
• kend, kende, (early) icynde (East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiːnd(ə)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈkyːnd(ə)/ (Southern, West Midland)
• IPA^(key): /ˈkeːnd(ə)/, /ˈkɛnd(ə)/ (East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9)

Adjective

kynde

1. Natural, inherent:
   1. Innate, intrinsic, intuitive.
   2. Native, autochthonous, belonging by birth.
   3. (rare) Ordained, customary.
2. Genuine, true, pure:
   1. Total, utter, perfect (with a depreciatory noun)
   2. Moral, lawful, rightful (usually of an inheritance)
3. Good, beneficial:
   1. Suitable, appropriate; fit for purpose.
   2. Healthy, thriving.
   3. Close, pleasant, affectionate.
   4. Kind, friendly, generous.
   5. Behaviourally noble or knightly (i.e. brave, courteous, or loyal)
4. Related; belonging to one's family or people.
5. (rare) Noble, aristocratic.

Related terms

• kyndenesse
• unkynde

Descendants

• English: kind
• Middle Scots: kynd
  • Scots: kind, kin'

References

• “kīnde, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “ikīnde, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.