|
positive |
negative |
|
| infinitive |
ukulunga |
ukungalungi |
|
|
| imperative |
|
simple |
+ object concord |
| singular |
lunga |
-lunge |
| plural |
lungani |
-lungeni |
|
| present |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngiyalunga, ngilunga |
engilungayo, engilunga |
ngilunga |
angilungi |
engingalungi |
ngingalungi |
| 2nd singular |
uyalunga, ulunga |
olungayo, olunga |
ulunga |
awulungi |
ongalungi |
ungalungi |
| 1st plural |
siyalunga, silunga |
esilungayo, esilunga |
silunga |
asilungi |
esingalungi |
singalungi |
| 2nd plural |
niyalunga, nilunga |
enilungayo, enilunga |
nilunga |
anilungi |
eningalungi |
ningalungi |
| class 1 |
uyalunga, ulunga |
olungayo, olunga |
elunga |
akalungi |
ongalungi |
engalungi |
| class 2 |
bayalunga, balunga |
abalungayo, abalunga |
belunga |
abalungi |
abangalungi |
bengalungi |
| class 3 |
uyalunga, ulunga |
olungayo, olunga |
ulunga |
awulungi |
ongalungi |
ungalungi |
| class 4 |
iyalunga, ilunga |
elungayo, elunga |
ilunga |
ayilungi |
engalungi |
ingalungi |
| class 5 |
liyalunga, lilunga |
elilungayo, elilunga |
lilunga |
alilungi |
elingalungi |
lingalungi |
| class 6 |
ayalunga, alunga |
alungayo, alunga |
elunga |
awalungi |
angalungi |
engalungi |
| class 7 |
siyalunga, silunga |
esilungayo, esilunga |
silunga |
asilungi |
esingalungi |
singalungi |
| class 8 |
ziyalunga, zilunga |
ezilungayo, ezilunga |
zilunga |
azilungi |
ezingalungi |
zingalungi |
| class 9 |
iyalunga, ilunga |
elungayo, elunga |
ilunga |
ayilungi |
engalungi |
ingalungi |
| class 10 |
ziyalunga, zilunga |
ezilungayo, ezilunga |
zilunga |
azilungi |
ezingalungi |
zingalungi |
| class 11 |
luyalunga, lulunga |
olulungayo, olulunga |
lulunga |
alulungi |
olungalungi |
lungalungi |
| class 14 |
buyalunga, bulunga |
obulungayo, obulunga |
bulunga |
abulungi |
obungalungi |
bungalungi |
| class 15 |
kuyalunga, kulunga |
okulungayo, okulunga |
kulunga |
akulungi |
okungalungi |
kungalungi |
| class 17 |
kuyalunga, kulunga |
okulungayo, okulunga |
kulunga |
akulungi |
okungalungi |
kungalungi |
|
| recent past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngilungile, ngilungē |
engilungile, engilungē |
ngilungile, ngilungē |
angilunganga |
engingalunganga |
ngingalunganga |
| 2nd singular |
ulungile, ulungē |
olungile, olungē |
ulungile, ulungē |
awulunganga |
ongalunganga |
ungalunganga |
| 1st plural |
silungile, silungē |
esilungile, esilungē |
silungile, silungē |
asilunganga |
esingalunganga |
singalunganga |
| 2nd plural |
nilungile, nilungē |
enilungile, enilungē |
nilungile, nilungē |
anilunganga |
eningalunganga |
ningalunganga |
| class 1 |
ulungile, ulungē |
olungile, olungē |
elungile, elungē |
akalunganga |
ongalunganga |
engalunganga |
| class 2 |
balungile, balungē |
abalungile, abalungē |
belungile, belungē |
abalunganga |
abangalunganga |
bengalunganga |
| class 3 |
ulungile, ulungē |
olungile, olungē |
ulungile, ulungē |
awulunganga |
ongalunganga |
ungalunganga |
| class 4 |
ilungile, ilungē |
elungile, elungē |
ilungile, ilungē |
ayilunganga |
engalunganga |
ingalunganga |
| class 5 |
lilungile, lilungē |
elilungile, elilungē |
lilungile, lilungē |
alilunganga |
elingalunganga |
lingalunganga |
| class 6 |
alungile, alungē |
alungile, alungē |
elungile, elungē |
awalunganga |
angalunganga |
engalunganga |
| class 7 |
silungile, silungē |
esilungile, esilungē |
silungile, silungē |
asilunganga |
esingalunganga |
singalunganga |
| class 8 |
zilungile, zilungē |
ezilungile, ezilungē |
zilungile, zilungē |
azilunganga |
ezingalunganga |
zingalunganga |
| class 9 |
ilungile, ilungē |
elungile, elungē |
ilungile, ilungē |
ayilunganga |
engalunganga |
ingalunganga |
| class 10 |
zilungile, zilungē |
ezilungile, ezilungē |
zilungile, zilungē |
azilunganga |
ezingalunganga |
zingalunganga |
| class 11 |
lulungile, lulungē |
olulungile, olulungē |
lulungile, lulungē |
alulunganga |
olungalunganga |
lungalunganga |
| class 14 |
bulungile, bulungē |
obulungile, obulungē |
bulungile, bulungē |
abulunganga |
obungalunganga |
bungalunganga |
| class 15 |
kulungile, kulungē |
okulungile, okulungē |
kulungile, kulungē |
akulunganga |
okungalunganga |
kungalunganga |
| class 17 |
kulungile, kulungē |
okulungile, okulungē |
kulungile, kulungē |
akulunganga |
okungalunganga |
kungalunganga |
|
| remote past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngālunga |
engālunga |
ngālunga |
angilunganga |
engingalunganga |
ngingalunganga |
| 2nd singular |
wālunga |
owālunga |
wālunga |
awulunganga |
ongalunganga |
ungalunganga |
| 1st plural |
sālunga |
esālunga |
sālunga |
asilunganga |
esingalunganga |
singalunganga |
| 2nd plural |
nālunga |
enālunga |
nālunga |
anilunganga |
eningalunganga |
ningalunganga |
| class 1 |
wālunga |
owālunga |
ālunga |
akalunganga |
ongalunganga |
engalunganga |
| class 2 |
bālunga |
abālunga |
bālunga |
abalunganga |
abangalunganga |
bengalunganga |
| class 3 |
wālunga |
owālunga |
wālunga |
awulunganga |
ongalunganga |
ungalunganga |
| class 4 |
yālunga |
eyālunga |
yālunga |
ayilunganga |
engalunganga |
ingalunganga |
| class 5 |
lālunga |
elālunga |
lālunga |
alilunganga |
elingalunganga |
lingalunganga |
| class 6 |
ālunga |
ālunga |
ālunga |
awalunganga |
angalunganga |
engalunganga |
| class 7 |
sālunga |
esālunga |
sālunga |
asilunganga |
esingalunganga |
singalunganga |
| class 8 |
zālunga |
ezālunga |
zālunga |
azilunganga |
ezingalunganga |
zingalunganga |
| class 9 |
yālunga |
eyālunga |
yālunga |
ayilunganga |
engalunganga |
ingalunganga |
| class 10 |
zālunga |
ezālunga |
zālunga |
azilunganga |
ezingalunganga |
zingalunganga |
| class 11 |
lwālunga |
olwālunga |
lwālunga |
alulunganga |
olungalunganga |
lungalunganga |
| class 14 |
bālunga |
obālunga |
bālunga |
abulunganga |
obungalunganga |
bungalunganga |
| class 15 |
kwālunga |
okwālunga |
kwālunga |
akulunganga |
okungalunganga |
kungalunganga |
| class 17 |
kwālunga |
okwālunga |
kwālunga |
akulunganga |
okungalunganga |
kungalunganga |
|
| potential |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngingalunga |
— |
ngingalunga |
ngingelunge |
— |
ngingelunge |
| 2nd singular |
ungalunga |
— |
ungalunga |
ungelunge |
— |
ungelunge |
| 1st plural |
singalunga |
— |
singalunga |
singelunge |
— |
singelunge |
| 2nd plural |
ningalunga |
— |
ningalunga |
ningelunge |
— |
ningelunge |
| class 1 |
angalunga |
— |
engalunga |
angelunge |
— |
engelunge |
| class 2 |
bangalunga |
— |
bengalunga |
bangelunge |
— |
bengelunge |
| class 3 |
ungalunga |
— |
ungalunga |
ungelunge |
— |
ungelunge |
| class 4 |
ingalunga |
— |
ingalunga |
ingelunge |
— |
ingelunge |
| class 5 |
lingalunga |
— |
lingalunga |
lingelunge |
— |
lingelunge |
| class 6 |
angalunga |
— |
engalunga |
angelunge |
— |
engelunge |
| class 7 |
singalunga |
— |
singalunga |
singelunge |
— |
singelunge |
| class 8 |
zingalunga |
— |
zingalunga |
zingelunge |
— |
zingelunge |
| class 9 |
ingalunga |
— |
ingalunga |
ingelunge |
— |
ingelunge |
| class 10 |
zingalunga |
— |
zingalunga |
zingelunge |
— |
zingelunge |
| class 11 |
lungalunga |
— |
lungalunga |
lungelunge |
— |
lungelunge |
| class 14 |
bungalunga |
— |
bungalunga |
bungelunge |
— |
bungelunge |
| class 15 |
kungalunga |
— |
kungalunga |
kungelunge |
— |
kungelunge |
| class 17 |
kungalunga |
— |
kungalunga |
kungelunge |
— |
kungelunge |
|
| immediate future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngizolunga |
engizolunga |
ngizolunga |
angizulunga |
engingezulunga |
ngingezulunga |
| 2nd singular |
uzolunga |
ozolunga |
uzolunga |
awuzulunga |
ongezulunga |
ungezulunga |
| 1st plural |
sizolunga |
esizolunga |
sizolunga |
asizulunga |
esingezulunga |
singezulunga |
| 2nd plural |
nizolunga |
enizolunga |
nizolunga |
anizulunga |
eningezulunga |
ningezulunga |
| class 1 |
uzolunga |
ozolunga |
ezolunga |
akazulunga |
ongezulunga |
engezulunga |
| class 2 |
bazolunga |
abazolunga |
bezolunga |
abazulunga |
abangezulunga |
bengezulunga |
| class 3 |
uzolunga |
ozolunga |
uzolunga |
awuzulunga |
ongezulunga |
ungezulunga |
| class 4 |
izolunga |
ezolunga |
izolunga |
ayizulunga |
engezulunga |
ingezulunga |
| class 5 |
lizolunga |
elizolunga |
lizolunga |
alizulunga |
elingezulunga |
lingezulunga |
| class 6 |
azolunga |
azolunga |
ezolunga |
awazulunga |
angezulunga |
engezulunga |
| class 7 |
sizolunga |
esizolunga |
sizolunga |
asizulunga |
esingezulunga |
singezulunga |
| class 8 |
zizolunga |
ezizolunga |
zizolunga |
azizulunga |
ezingezulunga |
zingezulunga |
| class 9 |
izolunga |
ezolunga |
izolunga |
ayizulunga |
engezulunga |
ingezulunga |
| class 10 |
zizolunga |
ezizolunga |
zizolunga |
azizulunga |
ezingezulunga |
zingezulunga |
| class 11 |
luzolunga |
oluzolunga |
luzolunga |
aluzulunga |
olungezulunga |
lungezulunga |
| class 14 |
buzolunga |
obuzolunga |
buzolunga |
abuzulunga |
obungezulunga |
bungezulunga |
| class 15 |
kuzolunga |
okuzolunga |
kuzolunga |
akuzulunga |
okungezulunga |
kungezulunga |
| class 17 |
kuzolunga |
okuzolunga |
kuzolunga |
akuzulunga |
okungezulunga |
kungezulunga |
|
| remote future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngiyolunga |
engiyolunga |
ngiyolunga |
angiyulunga |
engingeyulunga |
ngingeyulunga |
| 2nd singular |
uyolunga |
oyolunga |
uyolunga |
awuyulunga |
ongeyulunga |
ungeyulunga |
| 1st plural |
siyolunga |
esiyolunga |
siyolunga |
asiyulunga |
esingeyulunga |
singeyulunga |
| 2nd plural |
niyolunga |
eniyolunga |
niyolunga |
aniyulunga |
eningeyulunga |
ningeyulunga |
| class 1 |
uyolunga |
oyolunga |
eyolunga |
akayulunga |
ongeyulunga |
engeyulunga |
| class 2 |
bayolunga |
abayolunga |
beyolunga |
abayulunga |
abangeyulunga |
bengeyulunga |
| class 3 |
uyolunga |
oyolunga |
uyolunga |
awuyulunga |
ongeyulunga |
ungeyulunga |
| class 4 |
iyolunga |
eyolunga |
iyolunga |
ayiyulunga |
engeyulunga |
ingeyulunga |
| class 5 |
liyolunga |
eliyolunga |
liyolunga |
aliyulunga |
elingeyulunga |
lingeyulunga |
| class 6 |
ayolunga |
ayolunga |
eyolunga |
awayulunga |
angeyulunga |
engeyulunga |
| class 7 |
siyolunga |
esiyolunga |
siyolunga |
asiyulunga |
esingeyulunga |
singeyulunga |
| class 8 |
ziyolunga |
eziyolunga |
ziyolunga |
aziyulunga |
ezingeyulunga |
zingeyulunga |
| class 9 |
iyolunga |
eyolunga |
iyolunga |
ayiyulunga |
engeyulunga |
ingeyulunga |
| class 10 |
ziyolunga |
eziyolunga |
ziyolunga |
aziyulunga |
ezingeyulunga |
zingeyulunga |
| class 11 |
luyolunga |
oluyolunga |
luyolunga |
aluyulunga |
olungeyulunga |
lungeyulunga |
| class 14 |
buyolunga |
obuyolunga |
buyolunga |
abuyulunga |
obungeyulunga |
bungeyulunga |
| class 15 |
kuyolunga |
okuyolunga |
kuyolunga |
akuyulunga |
okungeyulunga |
kungeyulunga |
| class 17 |
kuyolunga |
okuyolunga |
kuyolunga |
akuyulunga |
okungeyulunga |
kungeyulunga |
|
|
| present subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
| 1st singular |
ngilunge |
ngingalungi |
| 2nd singular |
ulunge |
ungalungi |
| 1st plural |
silunge |
singalungi |
| 2nd plural |
nilunge |
ningalungi |
| class 1 |
alunge |
angalungi |
| class 2 |
balunge |
bangalungi |
| class 3 |
ulunge |
ungalungi |
| class 4 |
ilunge |
ingalungi |
| class 5 |
lilunge |
lingalungi |
| class 6 |
alunge |
angalungi |
| class 7 |
silunge |
singalungi |
| class 8 |
zilunge |
zingalungi |
| class 9 |
ilunge |
ingalungi |
| class 10 |
zilunge |
zingalungi |
| class 11 |
lulunge |
lungalungi |
| class 14 |
bulunge |
bungalungi |
| class 15 |
kulunge |
kungalungi |
| class 17 |
kulunge |
kungalungi |
|
|
| past subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
| 1st singular |
ngalunga |
ngangalunga, angalunga, angangalunga |
| 2nd singular |
walunga |
wangalunga, awalunga, awangalunga |
| 1st plural |
salunga |
sangalunga, asalunga, asangalunga |
| 2nd plural |
nalunga |
nangalunga, analunga, anangalunga |
| class 1 |
walunga |
wangalunga, akalunga, akangalunga |
| class 2 |
balunga |
bangalunga, abalunga, abangalunga |
| class 3 |
walunga |
wangalunga, awalunga, awangalunga |
| class 4 |
yalunga |
yangalunga, ayalunga, ayangalunga |
| class 5 |
lalunga |
langalunga, alalunga, alangalunga |
| class 6 |
alunga |
angalunga, awalunga, awangalunga |
| class 7 |
salunga |
sangalunga, asalunga, asangalunga |
| class 8 |
zalunga |
zangalunga, azalunga, azangalunga |
| class 9 |
yalunga |
yangalunga, ayalunga, ayangalunga |
| class 10 |
zalunga |
zangalunga, azalunga, azangalunga |
| class 11 |
lwalunga |
lwangalunga, alwalunga, alwangalunga |
| class 14 |
balunga |
bangalunga, abalunga, abangalunga |
| class 15 |
kwalunga |
kwangalunga, akwalunga, akwangalunga |
| class 17 |
kwalunga |
kwangalunga, akwalunga, akwangalunga |