pars

See also: pärs, Pärs, pärs-, and pârș

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /pɑːz/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /pɑɹz/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)z

Noun

pars

1. plural of par

Verb

pars

1. third-person singular simple present indicative of par.

Anagrams

• APRs, Arps, PSRA, RAPs, arps, raps, rasp, sapr-, spar

Danish

Noun

pars n

1. genitive singular definite of par
2. genitive plural definite of par

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paʁ/

• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

  (file)

• Audio (Canada (Shawinigan)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʁ

Verb

pars

1. inflection of partir:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrs/, [ˈpɑrz̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrs/, [ˈpɑrʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑrs
• Hyphenation: pars

Noun

pars

1. alternative form of parsi

Declension

Declension of pars (type 5/vesi, rt-rr gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	pars	parret
genitive	parren	parsiin, parsiloin
partitive	partta	parsia, parsiloja
illative	partee	parsii, parsiloihe
inessive	parrees	parsiis, parsilois
elative	parrest	parsist, parsiloist
allative	parrelle	parsille, parsiloille
adessive	parreel	parsiil, parsiloil
ablative	parrelt	parsilt, parsiloilt
translative	parreks	parsiks, parsiloiks
essive	parteenna, parteen	parsiinna, parsiloinna, parsiin, parsiloin
exessive1)	partent	parsint, parsiloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 387

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *partis > parts > pars.

Probably from the same root as pār and portiō. This could be the Proto-Indo-European root *perh₂- (“sell, exchange”), which also gave the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”), and πέρνημι (pérnēmi, “sell”).

Others refer to (the perhaps identical) Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass through”), whence Latin porta, portus, parō, pariō, perīculum, experior, Ancient Greek πέρα (péra), πείρω (peírō), πόρος (póros), Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, to travel”) and *fērō (“danger”), whence English fare and fear, German fahren and Gefahr.

While keeping the separate root Proto-Indo-European *sperH-, that could also explain Latin parcus, parcō, Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós), English spare.

According to Michiel De Vaan's Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (2008), probably from the same root as pariō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpars]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpars]

Noun

pars f (genitive partis); third declension

1. a part, portion, piece, share
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:

     Ultimas oppidi partes [...] petiverunt, parsque ibi, cum angusto exitu portarum se ipsi premerent, a militibus, pars iam egressa portis ab equitibus est interfecta

     They rushed into the utmost parts of the town, and a part was slain by the infantry when they were crowding upon each other in the narrow passage of the gates, and the part that exited from the gates, was massacred by the cavalry

2. (correlative) pars ... pars ..., some ... others ...
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.423–425:

     Īnstant ārdentēs, Tyriī: pars dūcere mūrōs,
     mōlīrīque arcem, et manibus subvolvere saxa;
     pars optāre locum tēctō et conclūdere sulcō.

     They press on with such eager haste, [these people] of Tyre: some [builders work] to extend the walls, and to construct the citadel, and to overturn stones with their hands; others [labor] to select a site for a dwelling and to mark it with a furrow.

   Synonym: partim

3. (usually in the plural) a party, fraction, side
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.15:

     Quod prope ex omnibus partibus flumine et palude circumdata

     Because enclosed almost on every side by a river and a marsh

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:

     Ut si qua ex parte

     In order that if on any side

4. (theater, in the plural) a part, character
   1. a part, function, office, duty
5. a lot, portion, fate
6. a portion or share of food
7. a task, lesson
8. a part, place, region of the earth
9. (mathematics) a part, fraction
10. a part of a body, a member
11. (politics, usually in the plural) a party
12. a direction
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico I.40:

      aut quam in partem aut

      either in which direction or

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

	singular	plural
nominative	pars	partēs
genitive	partis	partium
dative	partī	partibus
accusative	partem partim	partēs partīs
ablative	parte partī	partibus
vocative	pars	partēs

Derived terms

• a parte
• ex parte
• expers
• partiārius
• particula
• partim
• partiō
• praecipua pars f (New Latin, grammar)

Descendants

Descendants

• Aromanian: parti, parte
• Catalan: part
• Dalmatian: puart
• Old French: part
  • French: part
  • → English: part (partly; also from Old English)
  • → English: parse (from the Old French plural pars)
• Friulian: part
• Galician: parte
• Irish: páirt
• Italian: parte
• Ladin: part, pert
• Megleno-Romanian: parti
• Occitan: part
• Portuguese: parte
• Romanian: parte
• Romansch: part
• Sardinian: parti, parte, palte
• Sicilian: parti
• Spanish: parte
• Swedish: part
• Venetan: part, parte
• → Dutch: part
• →⇒ English: pars recta
• → Old English: part
  • English: part (partly; also from Old French)
• → Welsh: parth

References

• “pars”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pars”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "pars", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “pars”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a zone: orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus
    
  • eastern, western Germany: Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit
    
  • the most distant countries, the world's end: extremae terrae partes
    
  • in an opposite direction: in contrarium; in contrarias partes
    
  • in all directions: quoquo versus; in omnes partes
    
  • they disperse in different directions: in diversas partes or simply diversi abeunt, discedunt
    
  • to gaze intently all around: in omnes partes aciem (oculorum) intendere
    
  • the species is subordinate the genus: partes generibus subiectae sunt
    
  • to discuss both sides of a question: in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare (De Or. 1. 34)
    
  • to say nothing either for or against an argument: in nullam partem disputare
    
  • to play the part of some one: partes agere alicuius
    
  • the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium
    
  • to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    
  • to possess not the least spark of feeling: nullam partem sensus habere
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: omnes officii partes exsequi
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: nullam officii partem deserere
    
  • a party; faction: partes (usually of plebeians)
    
  • party-spirit: partium studium, also simply studia
    
  • to be a strong partisan: partium studiosum esse
    
  • party-strife: certamen partium
    
  • party-strife: contentio partium (Phil. 5. 12. 32)
    
  • to be torn by faction: partium studiis divisum esse
    
  • to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partes (causam) or simply aliquem sequi
    
  • to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partibus studere
    
  • to be neutral: in neutris partibus esse
    
  • to be neutral: neutram partem sequi
    
  • an independent spirit: a partibus rei publicae animus liber (Sall. Cat. 4. 2)
    
  • to divide into two factions: in duas partes discedere (Sall. Iug. 13. 1)
    
  • the majority: maior pars
    
  • (ambiguous) as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
    
  • (ambiguous) as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.)
    
  • (ambiguous) from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus
    
  • (ambiguous) to a certain extent: aliqua ex parte
    
  • (ambiguous) to be neutral: nullius or neutrius (of two) partis esse
    

Swedish

Noun

pars

1. indefinite genitive singular of par
2. indefinite genitive plural of par

Anagrams

• SPAR, raps, spar

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bars (“leopard, large feline”).

Related to Proto-Mongolic *bars, whence also Mongolian бар (bar), Dongxiang basi. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paɾs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

pars (definite accusative parsı, plural parslar)

1. leopard, panther

   Synonyms: leopar, panter, pelenk

Declension

Declension of pars

	singular	plural
nominative	pars	parslar
definite accusative	parsı	parsları
dative	parsa	parslara
locative	parsta	parslarda
ablative	parstan	parslardan
genitive	parsın	parsların