perata

See also: perätä

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *përgat'ak, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *berganą (“to take care of, to keep”), in which case, a doublet with pärjätä. This has been disputed however.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈperɑtɑˣ/, [ˈpe̞rɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -erɑtɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pe‧ra‧ta
• Hyphenation^(key): pe‧ra‧ta

Verb

perata

1. (transitive) to gut (eviscerate a fish)
2. (transitive) to clean, pick (remove useless parts of something, such as cleaning berries or mushrooms etc.)
3. (transitive) to weed (remove unwanted plants from farmland, a plant nursery, etc.)
4. (transitive) to clean a body of water by removing rocks, vegetation etc. (in case of rivers or creeks, may also include straightening)
5. (transitive) to clear (forestland, etc.) into a field, pasture, etc.

   Synonym: raivata

   • 1899, August Ahlqvist, “Suomen valta”, in Kustavi Grotenfelt, editor, Väinölä: Helmivyö suomalaista runoutta, Porvoo: Werner Söderström:

     Suomalaisen kuokka, aura,
     Kyntäneet on Suomenmaan,
     Kasvoi vehnä taikka kaura,
     Maa on meidän perkamaa.

     The hoe, plough of a Finnish man,
     has plowed the Finnish land,
     Wheat or oats, no matter the grain,
     the land was cleared by us

Conjugation

Inflection of perata (Kotus type 73*D/salata, k-∅ gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		perkaan	en perkaa	1st sing.	olen perannut	en ole perannut
2nd sing.		perkaat	et perkaa	2nd sing.	olet perannut	et ole perannut
3rd sing.		perkaa	ei perkaa	3rd sing.	on perannut	ei ole perannut
1st plur.		perkaamme	emme perkaa	1st plur.	olemme peranneet	emme ole peranneet
2nd plur.		perkaatte	ette perkaa	2nd plur.	olette peranneet	ette ole peranneet
3rd plur.		perkaavat	eivät perkaa	3rd plur.	ovat peranneet	eivät ole peranneet
passive		perataan	ei perata	passive	on perattu	ei ole perattu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		perkasin	en perannut	1st sing.	olin perannut	en ollut perannut
2nd sing.		perkasit	et perannut	2nd sing.	olit perannut	et ollut perannut
3rd sing.		perkasi	ei perannut	3rd sing.	oli perannut	ei ollut perannut
1st plur.		perkasimme	emme peranneet	1st plur.	olimme peranneet	emme olleet peranneet
2nd plur.		perkasitte	ette peranneet	2nd plur.	olitte peranneet	ette olleet peranneet
3rd plur.		perkasivat	eivät peranneet	3rd plur.	olivat peranneet	eivät olleet peranneet
passive		perattiin	ei perattu	passive	oli perattu	ei ollut perattu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		perkaisin	en perkaisi	1st sing.	olisin perannut	en olisi perannut
2nd sing.		perkaisit	et perkaisi	2nd sing.	olisit perannut	et olisi perannut
3rd sing.		perkaisi	ei perkaisi	3rd sing.	olisi perannut	ei olisi perannut
1st plur.		perkaisimme	emme perkaisi	1st plur.	olisimme peranneet	emme olisi peranneet
2nd plur.		perkaisitte	ette perkaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte peranneet	ette olisi peranneet
3rd plur.		perkaisivat	eivät perkaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat peranneet	eivät olisi peranneet
passive		perattaisiin	ei perattaisi	passive	olisi perattu	ei olisi perattu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		perkaa	älä perkaa	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		peratkoon	älköön peratko	3rd sing.	olkoon perannut	älköön olko perannut
1st plur.		peratkaamme	älkäämme peratko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		peratkaa	älkää peratko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		peratkoot	älkööt peratko	3rd plur.	olkoot peranneet	älkööt olko peranneet
passive		perattakoon	älköön perattako	passive	olkoon perattu	älköön olko perattu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		perannen	en peranne	1st sing.	lienen perannut	en liene perannut
2nd sing.		perannet	et peranne	2nd sing.	lienet perannut	et liene perannut
3rd sing.		perannee	ei peranne	3rd sing.	lienee perannut	ei liene perannut
1st plur.		perannemme	emme peranne	1st plur.	lienemme peranneet	emme liene peranneet
2nd plur.		perannette	ette peranne	2nd plur.	lienette peranneet	ette liene peranneet
3rd plur.		perannevat	eivät peranne	3rd plur.	lienevät peranneet	eivät liene peranneet
passive		perattaneen	ei perattane	passive	lienee perattu	ei liene perattu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		perata		present	perkaava	perattava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st peratakseni perataksemme 2nd perataksesi perataksenne 3rd peratakseen perataksensa		past	perannut	perattu
2nd	inessive2	peratessa	perattaessa	agent4	perkaama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st peratessani peratessamme 2nd peratessasi peratessanne 3rd peratessaan peratessansa		negative	perkaamaton
	instructive	peraten	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	perkaamassa	—
	elative	perkaamasta	—
	illative	perkaamaan	—
	adessive	perkaamalla	—
	abessive	perkaamatta	—
	instructive	perkaaman	perattaman
4th3	verbal noun	perkaaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st perkaamaisillani perkaamaisillamme 2nd perkaamaisillasi perkaamaisillanne 3rd perkaamaisillaan perkaamaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• perkaaja
• perkaaminen
• perkaus
• perkeet
• perkiö (“a clearing in forest”)
• perkuu

Further reading

• “perata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• petraa, rapeat, repata

Ludian

Etymology

From the noun pera.

Verb

perata

1. to steer, to drive, to row (a boat)
2. (instransitive) to paddle

Conjugation

Conjugation of perata (type II-3/kerata, no gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	peradan	en perada	1st singular	olen peranu	en ole peranu
2nd singular	peradad	ed perada	2nd singular	oled peranu	ed ole peranu
3rd singular	peradau	ei perada	3rd singular	on peranu	ei ole peranu
1st plural	peradamme	emme perakoi	1st plural	olemme peranu	emme olgoi peranu
2nd plural	peradatte	ette perakoi	2nd plural	olette peranu	ette olgoi peranu
3rd plural	peratah	ei perata	3rd plural	oldah perattu	ei olda perattu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	perazin	en peranu	1st singular	olin peranu	en olnu peranu
2nd singular	perazid	ed peranu	2nd singular	olid peranu	ed olnu peranu
3rd singular	perazi	ei peranu	3rd singular	oli peranu	ei olnu peranu
1st plural	perazimme	emme perattu	1st plural	olimme peranu	emme olnu peranu
2nd plural	perazitte	ette perattu	2nd plural	olitte peranu	ette olnu peranu
3rd plural	perattih	ei perattu	3rd plural	oldih perattu	ei oldu perattu
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	peradaižin	en peradaiž	1st singular	oližin peranu	en oliž peranu
2nd singular	peradaižid	ed peradaiž	2nd singular	oližid peranu	ed oliž peranu
3rd singular	peradaiž	ei peradaiž	3rd singular	oliž peranu	ei oliž peranu
1st plural	peradaižimme	emme peradaiž	1st plural	oližimme peranu	emme oliž peranu
2nd plural	peradaižitte	ette peradaiž	2nd plural	oližitte peranu	ette oliž peranu
3rd plural	perataiž	ei perataiž	3rd plural	oldaiž perattu	ei oldaiž perattu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	peranuižin	en peranuiž	1st singular	olnuižin peranu	en olnuiž peranu
2nd singular	peranuižid	ed peranuiž	2nd singular	olnuižid peranu	ed olnuiž peranu
3rd singular	peranuiž	ei peranuiž	3rd singular	olnuiž peranu	ei olnuiž peranu
1st plural	peranuižimme	emme peranuiž	1st plural	olnuižimme peranu	emme olnuiž peranu
2nd plural	peranuižitte	ette peranuiž	2nd plural	olnuižitte peranu	ette olnuiž peranu
3rd plural	perattanuiž	ei perattanuiž	3rd plural	oldanuiž perattu	ei oldanuiž perattu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	perada	ala perada
3rd singular	perakkah	algah perakoi
1st plural	perakam	algam perakoi
2nd plural	perakat	algat perakoi
3rd plural	peratakkah	aldagah perakoi
Potential
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	peranen	en perane	1st singular	lienen peranu	en liene peranu
2nd singular	peraned	ed perane	2nd singular	liened peranu	ed liene peranu
3rd singular	peranou	ei perane	3rd singular	lienou peranu	ei liene peranu
1st plural	peranemme	emme perane	1st plural	lienemme peranu	emme liekoi peranu
2nd plural	peranette	ette perane	2nd plural	lienette peranu	ette liekoi peranu
3rd plural	perattaneh	ei perattane	3rd plural	lietah perattu	ei liekoi perattu
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
I		perata	present	peradaj	perattav
II	inessive	perates	past	peranu	perattu
	essive	peraten
III	illative	peradamah
	inessive	peradamas
	elative	peradamaspiä
	adessive	peradamal
	abessive	peradamata

References

• M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎, Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN

Malay

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

perata (Jawi spelling ڤرات, plural perata-perata or perata²)

1. pastry

Further reading

• "perata" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Veps

Etymology

From the noun pera.

Verb

perata

1. steer