perder

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin perdere.

Verb

perder

1. to lose

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• perda

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese perder, from Latin perdere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [peɾˈðer]

Verb

perder (first-person singular present perdo, first-person singular preterite perdín, past participle perdido)
perder (first-person singular present perdo or perco, first-person singular preterite perdim or perdi, past participle perdido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (ambitransitive) to lose
2. (pronominal) to get lost
3. (transitive, figurative) to waste or spoil
4. (pronominal, figurative) to waste or spoil

Conjugation

    Conjugation of perder

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	perder
Personal	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderen
Gerund
	perdendo
Past participle
Masculine	perdido			perdidos
Feminine	perdida			perdidas
Indicative
Present	perdo	perdes	perde	perdemos	perdedes	perden
Imperfect	perdía	perdías	perdía	perdiamos	perdiades	perdían
Preterite	perdín	perdiches	perdeu	perdemos	perdestes	perderon
Pluperfect	perdera	perderas	perdera	perderamos	perderades	perderan
Future	perderei	perderás	perderá	perderemos	perderedes	perderán
Conditional	perdería	perderías	perdería	perderiamos	perderiades	perderían
Subjunctive
Present	perda	perdas	perda	perdamos	perdades	perdan
Imperfect	perdese	perdeses	perdese	perdésemos	perdésedes	perdesen
Future	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderen
Imperative
Affirmative		perde	perda	perdamos	perdede	perdan
Negative (non)		non perdas	non perda	non perdamos	non perdades	non perdan

    Reintegrated conjugation of perder (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	perder
Personal	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderem
Gerund
	perdendo
Past participle
Masculine	perdido			perdidos
Feminine	perdida			perdidas
Indicative
Present	perdo, perco	perdes	perde	perdemos	perdedes, perdeis	perdem
Imperfect	perdia	perdias	perdia	perdíamos	perdíades, perdíeis, perdíais1	perdiam
Preterite	perdim, perdi	perdeste, perdeche1	perdeu	perdemos	perdestes	perdêrom, perderam
Pluperfect	perdera	perderas	perdera	perdêramos	perdêrades, perdêreis, perdêrais1	perderam
Future	perderei	perderás	perderá	perderemos	perderedes, perdereis	perderám, perderão
Conditional	perderia	perderias	perderia	perderíamos	perderíades, perderíeis, perderíais1	perderiam
Subjunctive
Present	perda, perca	perdas, percas	perda, perca	perdamos, percamos	perdades, perdais, percades, percais	perdam, percam
Imperfect	perdesse	perdesses	perdesse	perdêssemos	perdêssedes, perdêsseis	perdessem
Future	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderem
Imperative
Affirmative		perde	perda, perca	perdamos, percamos	perdede, perdei	perdam, percam
Negative (nom)		nom perdas, nom percas	nom perda, nom perca	nom perdamos, nom percamos	nom perdades, nom perdais, nom percades, nom percais	nom perdam, nom percam

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• perder a razón
• perder de vista
• perder o tempo

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022), “perder”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018), “perder”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “perder”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “perder”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “perder”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “perder”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Interlingua

Verb

perder

1. to ruin, undo
2. to lose (one's head, consciousness), miss (a train, a chance)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of perder

infinitive		perder
participle		present	perfect
		perdente	perdite
active		simple	perfect
	present	perde	ha perdite
	past	perdeva	habeva perdite
	future	perdera	habera perdite
	conditional	perderea	haberea perdite
	imperative	perde	—
passive		simple	perfect
	present	es perdite	ha essite perdite
	past	esseva perdite	habeva essite perdite
	future	essera perdite	habera essite perdite
	conditional	esserea perdite	haberea essite perdite
	imperative	sia perdite	—

Antonyms

• ganar (verb)
• conciliar se (verb)

Ladin

Alternative forms

• perde

Etymology

From Latin perdere.

Verb

perder

1. to lose

Conjugation

• Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of perder (third conjugation)

infinitive	perder, perde
auxiliary verb	avei		gerund		perdan
past participle	perdù
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	ie	tu	el / ela	nos	vos	ei / eles
present	perde	perdes	perd	perdon	perdeis	perd
imperfect	perdove	perdoves	perdova	perdovan	perdovais	perdova
future	perdaré	perdaras	perdarà	perdaron	perdareis	perdarà
subjunctive	che ie	che tu	che el / ela	che nos	che vos	che ei / eles
present	perde	perdes	perde	perdon	perdeis	perde
imperfect	perdesse	perdesses	perdessa	perdessan	perdessais	perdessa
imperative	–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
	—	perd	—	perdon	perdede	—

Lombard

Alternative forms

• perd (Classical Milanese Orthography)

Etymology

Akin to Italian perdere, from Latin.

Pronunciation

• (Milanese) IPA^(key): /pɛrd/

Verb

perder

1. to lose

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese perder, from Latin perdere. The first person singular form in the present indicative and all forms of the present subjunctive and commands (except the second person informal affirmative commands) have an analogous change from D to C (expected "perdo" instead of "perco," for example).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /peʁˈde(ʁ)/ [peɦˈde(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /peʁˈde(ʁ)/ [peɦˈde(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /peɾˈde(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /peʁˈde(ʁ)/ [peʁˈde(χ)]
  • (Porto Alegre) IPA^(key): /peɻˈde(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨɾˈdeɾ/ [pɨɾˈðeɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨɾˈdeɾ/ [pɨɾˈðeɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨɾˈde.ɾi/ [pɨɾˈðe.ɾi]

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: per‧der

Verb

perder (first-person singular present perco, first-person singular preterite perdi, past participle perdido)

1. to lose (an object, a job, interest etc.)

   Perdi minha entrada.

   I've lost my ticket.

2. to lose (to be defeated in a match, an election etc.)

   Synonym: ser derrotado

   Nosso time perdeu.

   Our team lost.

3. to miss (an opportunity, a train or bus etc.)

   Perdi meu trem.

   I missed my train.

4. to waste (time)

   Synonym: desperdiçar

   Perdemos muito tempo.

   We wasted a lot of time.

5. (Internet slang) to laugh a lot or to find something funny

   Perdi quando ela começou a cantar!

   I lost it when she started to sing!

6. (reflexive) to get lost (to become lost)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of perder (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	perder
Personal	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderem
Gerund
	perdendo
Past participle
Masculine	perdido			perdidos
Feminine	perdida			perdidas
Indicative
Present	perco	perdes	perde	perdemos	perdeis	perdem
Imperfect	perdia	perdias	perdia	perdíamos	perdíeis	perdiam
Preterite	perdi	perdeste	perdeu	perdemos	perdestes	perderam
Pluperfect	perdera	perderas	perdera	perdêramos	perdêreis	perderam
Future	perderei	perderás	perderá	perderemos	perdereis	perderão
Conditional	perderia	perderias	perderia	perderíamos	perderíeis	perderiam
Subjunctive
Present	perca	percas	perca	percamos	percais	percam
Imperfect	perdesse	perdesses	perdesse	perdêssemos	perdêsseis	perdessem
Future	perder	perderes	perder	perdermos	perderdes	perderem
Imperative
Affirmative		perde	perca	percamos	perdei	percam
Negative (não)		não percas	não perca	não percamos	não percais	não percam

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:perder.

Antonyms

• ganhar

Derived terms

• perdedor

Further reading

• “perder” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish perder, inherited from Latin perdere, whence also English perdition.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peɾˈdeɾ/ [peɾˈð̞eɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: per‧der

Verb

perder (first-person singular present pierdo, first-person singular preterite perdí, past participle perdido)

1. to lose
2. to miss, to miss out

   No quiero perderme nada.

   I don't want to miss anything.

3. to waste
4. (sports) to be losing; to trail; to be down

   Los Cowboys pierden por solo siete.

   The Cowboys are behind by only seven.

5. (reflexive) to get lost

Conjugation

    Conjugation of perder (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			perder
gerund			perdiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		perdido		perdida
		plural		perdidos		perdidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	pierdo	pierdestú perdésvos	pierde	perdemos	perdéis	pierden
	imperfect	perdía	perdías	perdía	perdíamos	perdíais	perdían
	preterite	perdí	perdiste	perdió	perdimos	perdisteis	perdieron
	future	perderé	perderás	perderá	perderemos	perderéis	perderán
	conditional	perdería	perderías	perdería	perderíamos	perderíais	perderían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	pierda	pierdastú perdásvos2	pierda	perdamos	perdáis	pierdan
	imperfect (ra)	perdiera	perdieras	perdiera	perdiéramos	perdierais	perdieran
	imperfect (se)	perdiese	perdieses	perdiese	perdiésemos	perdieseis	perdiesen
	future1	perdiere	perdieres	perdiere	perdiéremos	perdiereis	perdieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		pierdetú perdévos	pierda	perdamos	perded	pierdan
	negative		no pierdas	no pierda	no perdamos	no perdáis	no pierdan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of perder (e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive perder	dative	perderme	perderte	perderle, perderse	perdernos	perderos	perderles, perderse
	accusative	perderme	perderte	perderlo, perderla, perderse	perdernos	perderos	perderlos, perderlas, perderse
with gerund perdiendo	dative	perdiéndome	perdiéndote	perdiéndole, perdiéndose	perdiéndonos	perdiéndoos	perdiéndoles, perdiéndose
	accusative	perdiéndome	perdiéndote	perdiéndolo, perdiéndola, perdiéndose	perdiéndonos	perdiéndoos	perdiéndolos, perdiéndolas, perdiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pierde	dative	piérdeme	piérdete	piérdele	piérdenos	not used	piérdeles
	accusative	piérdeme	piérdete	piérdelo, piérdela	piérdenos	not used	piérdelos, piérdelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative perdé	dative	perdeme	perdete	perdele	perdenos	not used	perdeles
	accusative	perdeme	perdete	perdelo, perdela	perdenos	not used	perdelos, perdelas
with formal second-person singular imperative pierda	dative	piérdame	not used	piérdale, piérdase	piérdanos	not used	piérdales
	accusative	piérdame	not used	piérdalo, piérdala, piérdase	piérdanos	not used	piérdalos, piérdalas
with first-person plural imperative perdamos	dative	not used	perdámoste	perdámosle	perdámonos	perdámoos	perdámosles
	accusative	not used	perdámoste	perdámoslo, perdámosla	perdámonos	perdámoos	perdámoslos, perdámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative perded	dative	perdedme	not used	perdedle	perdednos	perdeos	perdedles
	accusative	perdedme	not used	perdedlo, perdedla	perdednos	perdeos	perdedlos, perdedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative pierdan	dative	piérdanme	not used	piérdanle	piérdannos	not used	piérdanles, piérdanse
	accusative	piérdanme	not used	piérdanlo, piérdanla	piérdannos	not used	piérdanlos, piérdanlas, piérdanse

Antonyms

• ganar (verb)

Derived terms

• al jugar y perder, pagar y callar
• donde Cristo perdió el boli
• echar a perder
• el que fue a Melipilla perdió su silla
• eslabón perdido
• ganapierde
• hablar de bueyes perdidos
• hasta perderse de vista
• jugar y nunca perder no puede ser
• llevar las de perder
• más se perdió en Cuba
• no perder comba
• no perder punto
• no perder ripio
• no se perderá
• perdedor (noun)
• perder aceite
• perder con buenas cartas
• perder el alma
• perder el color
• perder el comer
• perder el compás
• perder el culo
• perder el norte
• perder el oremus
• perder el tiempo
• perder el último tren
• perder fuelle
• perder gas
• perder la brújula
• perder la cabeza (“to lose one's mind”)
• perder la chaveta
• perder la cuenta
• perder los estribos
• perder los papeles
• perder peso
• perder un tornillo
• pérdida
• perdido
• perdimiento
• quien va a Sevilla pierde su silla
• tener las de perder
• tener mal perder

Further reading

• “perder”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024