suffoco

Etymology

From sub- +‎ fōc- (“throat”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [sʊfˈfoː.koː]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [sufˈfɔː.ko]

Verb

suffōcō (present infinitive suffōcāre, perfect active suffōcāvī, supine suffōcātum); first conjugation

to choke, stifle, strangle, suffocate, drown
Synonyms: premō, angō

Usage notes

To convey the verb "suffocate" in the sense of "suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body," one must use the passive voice; the active voice is said of someone who causes another to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.

Conjugation

Conjugation of suffōcō (first conjugation)

More information indicative, singular ...

Descendants

Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: soffocare, soffogare
  - → Piedmontese: sofoché
- Venetan: sofegar, sofigar
  - → Old French: sofoger (only in Marco Polo)
Gallo-Italic:
- Lombard: sofegar
Borrowings:
- → Catalan: sufocar
- → English: suffocate
- → Esperanto: sufoki
- → French: suffoquer
- → Galician: sufocar
- → Ido: sufokar
- → Portuguese: sufocar
- → Spanish: sofocar

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “suffocare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 12: Sk–š, page 414

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	suffōcō	suffōcās		suffōcat	suffōcāmus	suffōcātis		suffōcant
	imperfect	suffōcābam	suffōcābās		suffōcābat	suffōcābāmus	suffōcābātis		suffōcābant
	future	suffōcābō	suffōcābis		suffōcābit	suffōcābimus	suffōcābitis		suffōcābunt
	perfect	suffōcāvī	suffōcāvistī		suffōcāvit	suffōcāvimus	suffōcāvistis		suffōcāvērunt, suffōcāvēre
	pluperfect	suffōcāveram	suffōcāverās		suffōcāverat	suffōcāverāmus	suffōcāverātis		suffōcāverant
	future perfect	suffōcāverō	suffōcāveris		suffōcāverit	suffōcāverimus	suffōcāveritis		suffōcāverint
passive	present	suffōcor	suffōcāris, suffōcāre		suffōcātur	suffōcāmur	suffōcāminī		suffōcantur
	imperfect	suffōcābar	suffōcābāris, suffōcābāre		suffōcābātur	suffōcābāmur	suffōcābāminī		suffōcābantur
	future	suffōcābor	suffōcāberis, suffōcābere		suffōcābitur	suffōcābimur	suffōcābiminī		suffōcābuntur
	perfect	suffōcātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	suffōcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	suffōcātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	suffōcem	suffōcēs		suffōcet	suffōcēmus	suffōcētis		suffōcent
	imperfect	suffōcārem	suffōcārēs		suffōcāret	suffōcārēmus	suffōcārētis		suffōcārent
	perfect	suffōcāverim	suffōcāverīs		suffōcāverit	suffōcāverīmus	suffōcāverītis		suffōcāverint
	pluperfect	suffōcāvissem	suffōcāvissēs		suffōcāvisset	suffōcāvissēmus	suffōcāvissētis		suffōcāvissent
passive	present	suffōcer	suffōcēris, suffōcēre		suffōcētur	suffōcēmur	suffōcēminī		suffōcentur
	imperfect	suffōcārer	suffōcārēris, suffōcārēre		suffōcārētur	suffōcārēmur	suffōcārēminī		suffōcārentur
	perfect	suffōcātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	suffōcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	suffōcā		—	—	suffōcāte		—
active	future	—	suffōcātō		suffōcātō	—	suffōcātōte		suffōcantō
passive	present	—	suffōcāre		—	—	suffōcāminī		—
passive	future	—	suffōcātor		suffōcātor	—	—		suffōcantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		suffōcāre		suffōcārī		suffōcāns		—
future		suffōcātūrum esse		suffōcātum īrī		suffōcātūrus		suffōcandus
perfect		suffōcāvisse		suffōcātum esse		—		suffōcātus
future perfect		—		suffōcātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		suffōcātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		suffōcandī	suffōcandō		suffōcandum	suffōcandō	suffōcātum		suffōcātū