sur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sur"

Languages (30)

Translingual

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Asturian • Basque • Cornish • Danish • Esperanto • French • Galician • Ido • Italian • Javanese • Maltese • Middle English • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old French • Old High German • Old Swedish • Prasuni • Rohingya • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Spanish • Sumerian • Swedish • Tagalog • Turkish • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

sur

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Mwaghavul.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Mwaghavul terms

Asturian

Etymology

From French sud

Noun

sur m (uncountable)

1. south

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s̺ur/ [s̺ur]
• Rhymes: -ur
• Hyphenation: sur

Noun

sur inan

1. (Biscayan) alternative form of sudur (“nose, trunk”)

Declension

Declension of sur (inanimate, ending in -r)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	sur	surra	surrak
ergative	surrek	surrak	surrek
dative	surri	surrari	surrei
genitive	surren	surraren	surren
comitative	surrekin	surrarekin	surrekin
causative	surrengatik	surrarengatik	surrengatik
benefactive	surrentzat	surrarentzat	surrentzat
instrumental	surrez	surraz	surrez
inessive	surretan	surrean	surretan
locative	surretako	surreko	surretako
allative	surretara	surrera	surretara
terminative	surretaraino	surreraino	surretaraino
directive	surretarantz	surrerantz	surretarantz
destinative	surretarako	surrerako	surretarako
ablative	surretatik	surretik	surretatik
partitive	surrik	—	—
prolative	surtzat	—	—

Further reading

• “sudur”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “sur”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Cornish

Etymology

From French sûr.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): /ˈsyːr/
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːr/, /ˈziːr/

Adjective

sur

1. certain, sure

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sur/, [suɐ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

Verbal noun to surre (“to whirr”) (imitative).

Noun

sur n (singular definite surret, plural indefinite sur)

1. whirr (a sibilant buzz or vibration from insect wings)

Declension

Declension of sur

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sur	surret	sur	surrene
genitive	surs	surrets	surs	surrenes

Etymology 2

From Old Norse súrr (“sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

Adjective

sur

1. sour (having an acid, sharp or tangy taste)
2. (chemistry) acidic
3. (of dairy products) spoiled
4. (of a person or communication) surly, cross, annoyed, sulky, sore
5. (of work or situation) unpleasant

Inflection

Inflection of sur

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	sur	surere	surest2
indefinite neuter singular	surt	surere	surest2
plural	sure	surere	surest2
definite attributive1	sure	surere	sureste

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

See also

Basic tastes in Danish (layout · text)
sød	sur	salt	bitter	stærk	umami

References

• “sur” in Den Danske Ordbog

Esperanto

Etymology

From French sur. Doublet of super.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sur/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Hyphenation: sur

Preposition

sur

1. on, upon

   La kato dormis sur la lito.

   The cat was sleeping on the bed.

2. onto [with accusative]

Derived terms

• surhavi
• surmeti

French

Pronunciation

• (Europe) IPA^(key): /syʁ/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /sʏʁ/

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Homophones: sûr, sûre, surent, sûres, sûrs
• Rhymes: -yʁ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur, seur, sor, soure, souvre, sovre (“on, upon, over”), from Latin super (“over, on, above”). Doublet of super, a borrowing. Cognate with Old English ofer (“over, above”). More at over.

Preposition

sur

1. on, upon
2. on top of
3. from on top of
4. above
5. out of

   sept sur dix ― seven out of ten

6. in the case of
7. about, concerning
8. (informal, France) in (a place)

   Synonyms: à, en, dans

   sur Paris ― in Paris

Synonyms

• (above): au-dessus de
• sur ce

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “on”): sous
• (antonym(s) of “on top of”): dessous
• (antonym(s) of “above”): au-dessous de

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.

Adjective

sur (feminine sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)

1. sour

See also

• sûr (adjective, "sure")
• sur-

Further reading

• “sur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Alternative forms

• S

Etymology

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

Noun

sur m (plural sures)

1. (uncountable) south (cardinal direction)
2. (uncountable) the southern portion of a territory or region
3. (countable) a southern; a wind blowing from the south

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “south”): norte, setentrión
• (antonym(s) of “southern portion”): norte

Coordinate terms

• leste
• norte
• occidente

Derived terms

• América do Sur
• Cruz do Sur
• polo Sur
• surleste
• suroeste

Further reading

• “sur”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from French sur, Italian su.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur/

Preposition

sur

1. on

Italian

Etymology

From Latin super (“above”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur/
• Rhymes: -ur
• Hyphenation: sùr

Preposition

sur

1. (archaic) alternative form of su used before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)

   sur un tavolo ― on a table

Further reading

• sur in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Javanese

Romanization

sur

1. romanization of ꦱꦸꦂ

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suːr/

Etymology 1

From Arabic سُور (sūr).

Noun

sur m (plural swar)

1. wall, rampart
   • 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Bejta fis-Sur”, in Mill-Gallerija ta’ Żgħożiti:

     U tela’ għas-sur, wisq imgħaddab,
     u kaxkar kull xitla, kull żrara,
     u l-bejta dlonk ħataf, ġarr miegħu
     bl-għasafar, jaħasra xi ħsara!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. bastion
3. rock

Etymology 2

Contraction of sinjur, from Sicilian signuri.

Noun

sur m (usually uncountable)

1. mister, sir

   is-Sur Buttiġieġ ― Mr Buttigieg

Middle English

Adjective

sur

1. alternative form of sure

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Positive forms of sūr

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	nonneuter	neuter
strong declension	nominative	sūrer	sūriu	sūreȥ	sūre	sūriu
	genitive	sūres	sūrer(e)	sūres	sūrer(e)
	dative	sūrem(e)	sūrer(e)	sūrem(e)	sūren
	accusative	sūren	sūre	sūreȥ	sūre	sūriu
weak declension	nominative	dër sūre	diu sūre	daȥ sūre	die sūren	diu sūren
	genitive	dës sūren	dër sūren	dës sūren	dër sūren
	dative	dëm sūren	dër sūren	dëm sūren	dën sūren
	accusative	dën sūren	die sūren	daȥ sūre	die sūren	diu sūren

Descendants

• Central Franconian: suur, souer (Moselle Franconian)
• German: sauer
• Luxembourgish: sauer
• Vilamovian: zaojwer
• Yiddish: זויער (zoyer)
• → Polish: żur

References

• “sur” in Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch, Matthias von Lexer, 3 vols., Leipzig 1872–1878.
• Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surere, indefinite superlative surest, definite superlative sureste)

1. sour (e.g. the characteristic taste of a lemon)
2. In a bad temper, sulky
3. acidic

   sur nedbør ― acid rain

4. cold, unpleasant (often about weather)

   Det er surt ute.

   The weather is unpleasant outside

   Han prøver å gjøre livet surt for meg.

   He's trying to make life difficult for me.

Synonyms

• (taste): skarp, snerpende
• (bad temper): gretten, sint

Antonyms

• søt
• blid, glad

Derived terms

• surdeig

Related terms

• syrlig

References

• “sur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surare, indefinite superlative surast, definite superlative suraste)

1. sour
2. acidic

   sur nedbør ― acid rain

3. bad-tempered, annoyed, in a foul mood

   Synonym: gretten

4. used about old socks which are smelling bad

Derived terms

• surdeig

References

• “sur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sūr. Cognate with Old Saxon sūr, Old High German sūr, Old Norse súrr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suːr/

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Declension of sūr — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūr	sūr	sūr
Accusative	sūrne	sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūres	sūrre	sūres
Dative	sūrum	sūrre	sūrum
Instrumental	sūre	sūrre	sūre
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūre	sūra, sūre	sūr
Accusative	sūre	sūra, sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūrra	sūrra	sūrra
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Declension of sūr — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūra	sūre	sūre
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūre
Genitive	sūran	sūran	sūran
Dative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Instrumental	sūran	sūran	sūran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Genitive	sūrra, sūrena	sūrra, sūrena	sūrra, sūrena
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Derived terms

• sūrnes

Descendants

• Middle English: sur, sour
  • English: sour
  • Scots: sour, soor

Old French

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”). 1160 CE.

Adjective

sur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sure)

1. sour, bitter

Descendants

• Middle French: sur, sour
  • French: sur
• Walloon: sèr (Forrières)

Etymology 2

Preposition

sur

1. alternative form of seur

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Descendants

• Middle High German: sūr
  • Central Franconian: suur, souer (Moselle Franconian)
  • German: sauer
  • Luxembourgish: sauer
  • Vilamovian: zaojwer
  • Yiddish: זויער (zoyer)
  • → Polish: żur

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

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head=sūr

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Declension of sūr (strong)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūr	sūr	sūrt
accusative	sūran	sūra	sūrt
dative	sūrum sūrom	sūrri sūrre	sūru sūro
genitive	sūrs	sūrrar	sūrs
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūrir sūrer	sūrar	sūr
accusative	sūra	sūrar	sūr
dative	sūrum sūrom	sūrum sūrom	sūrum sūrom
genitive	sūrra sūra	sūrra sūra	sūrra sūra

Declension of sūr (weak)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūri sūre	sūra	sūra
accusative	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
dative	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
genitive	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
accusative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
dative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
genitive	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro

Descendants

• Swedish: sur