winnen

See also: Winnen

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɪ.nə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: win‧nen
• Rhymes: -ɪnən

Verb

winnen

1. (transitive or intransitive) to win, to triumph, to be victorious (in)
2. (transitive) to acquire
3. (transitive) to extract, to refine, to harvest (from base materials such as ore or crops)

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (strong class 3a)
infinitive	winnen
past singular	won
past participle	gewonnen
infinitive	winnen
gerund	winnen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	win	won
2nd person sing. (jij)	wint, win2	won
2nd person sing. (u)	wint	won
2nd person sing. (gij)	wint	wont
3rd person singular	wint	won
plural	winnen	wonnen
subjunctive sing.1	winne	wonne
subjunctive plur.1	winnen	wonnen
imperative sing.	win
imperative plur.1	wint
participles	winnend	gewonnen
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

proverbs

• wie niet waagt, die niet wint

nouns

• winnaar
• winning
• winst

verbs

• aanwinnen
• afwinnen
• bewinnen
• bijwinnen
• gewinnen
• herwinnen
• inwinnen
• miswinnen
• ontwinnen
• opwinnen
• overwinnen
• terugwinnen
• toewinnen
• uitwinnen
• verwinnen
• volwinnen
• voortwinnen
• voorwinnen
• wederwinnen
• weerwinnen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: wen, win
• Berbice Creole Dutch: won
• Negerhollands: win, wind
• → Sranan Tongo: wini
  • → Caribbean Javanese: wini
  • → Kari'na: winimary

Low German

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German winnen, from Old Saxon winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Compare Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, English win, Norwegian vinne, Swedish vinna.

Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to win

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (class 3 strong verb)

infinitive	winnen
	present	preterite
1st person singular	winn	wunn
2nd person singular	winns(t)	wunns(t)
3rd person singular	winn(t)	wunn
plural	winnt, winnen	wunnen
	imperative
singular	winn
plural	winnt
	present	past
participle	winnen	(e)wunnen, gewunnen

Note: This conjugation is one of many.
Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German [Term?], from Old Saxon windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Compare German winden, Dutch winden, English wind.

Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to wind
2. to wreathe
3. to winch
4. to wrest

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (class 3 strong verb)

infinitive	winnen
	present	preterite
1st person singular	winn	wunn
2nd person singular	winns(t)	wunns(t)
3rd person singular	winn(t)	wunn
plural	winnt, winnen	wunnen
	imperative
singular	winn
plural	winnt
	present	past
participle	winnen	(e)wunnen, gewunnen

Note: This conjugation is one of many.
Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German wenen, from Old High German wennen, from Proto-Germanic *wanjaną. Cognate with German gewöhnen (with prefix ge-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvinən/
• Rhymes: -inən

Verb

winnen (third-person singular present winnt, past participle gewinnt, auxiliary verb hunn)

1. (reflexive, with preposition un) to get used to, to adapt to, to familiarise with
2. (transitive) to bring up, to raise, to nurture

Conjugation

Regular

infinitive	winnen
participle	gewinnt
auxiliary	hunn
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	winnen	—
2nd singular	winns	winn
3rd singular	winnt	—
1st plural	winnen	—
2nd plural	winnt	winnt
3rd plural	winnen	—

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Verb

winnen

1. to win, to acquire through effort, to earn
2. to acquire, to get
3. to gain
4. to delve, to mine
5. to conquer, to take
6. (of a male) to beget (a child), to sire
7. (of a female) to give birth to

Inflection

Conjugation of winnen (strong class 3)

infinitive	base form	winnen
	genitive	winnens
	dative	winnene
		indicative			subjunctive
		present	past		present	past
1st person singular		winne	wan		winne	wonne
2nd person singular		wins, winnes	wons, wonnes		wins, winnes	wonnes
3rd person singular		wint, winnet	wan		winne	wonne
1st person plural		winnen	wonnen		winnen	wonnen
2nd person plural		wint, winnet	wont, wonnet		wint, winnet	wonnet
3rd person plural		winnen	wonnen		winnen	wonnen
		imperative
singular		win, winne
plural		wint, winnet
		present	past
participle		winnende	gewonnen

Descendants

• Dutch: winnen
  • Afrikaans: wen, win
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: won
  • Negerhollands: win, wind
  • → Sranan Tongo: wini
    • → Caribbean Javanese: wini
    • → Kari'na: winimary
• Limburgish: winne

Further reading

• “winnen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “winnen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• win, winne, wine, when, wynnen, wyn, wynne, wyne
• wen, wene, whin, whyn (Northern)
• winnie, winnien, wunnen, wynnye, wynnyen (Southwestern)
• winnien, wunnen, wynnyen (southwest Midlands)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwinən/

Verb

winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)

1. to exert effort, strive for
2. to fight against, war against
3. to suffer
4. to gain (territory, wisdom, success, a cow, a prize, etc.)
5. to make profit, a living, earn a salary
6. to beget
7. to defeat, triumph over, subjugate
8. to proceed, go
9. to take, remove

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (strong class 3)

infinitive	(to) winnen, winne
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	winne	wan, won
2nd-person singular	winnest	wonne, wanne, wan, won
3rd-person singular	winneth	wan, won
subjunctive singular	winne	wonne1, wanne1
imperative singular		—
plural2	winnen, winne	wonnen, wonne, wannen, wanne
imperative plural	winneth, winne	—
participles	winnynge, winnende	wonnen, wonne, ywonnen, ywonne

¹ Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
² Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• awinnen
• biwinnen
• iwinnen
• wynnere
• wynnyng

Descendants

• English: win
• Scots: win

References

• “winnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.