Receptorium glutamati

Receptorium glutamati est receptorium neurotransmissoris synapsium neuroni locatum atque acido glutamico (glutamato)^[1] neurotransmissore excitatorio cerebri primo stimulatum^[2]. Haec receptoria in receptoria ionotropica, ipsa canalibus cationium servantia, et metabotropica, cum proteino G alteras canales modificantia, dividuntur. Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati tres familiae notae sunt: receptoria AMPA, receptoria kainati, receptoria NMDA. Receptoria glutamati metabotropica quoque in tres greges (I-II-III) dividuntur.

Acidum glutamicum

In stimulando glutamato aliisque stimulis aptis neuroni receptoria Glutamati portantes, quibus grave pondus communicationis inter neuronos et formationis memoriae et eventuum discendi et ordinationis habet, neuronos postsynapticos excitant.^?

Et partes excitotoxicitatis centrales receptoriorum glutamati et praevalentia ipsorum in systemate nervoso centrali cum morbis neurodegenerativis attribuuntur, nihilo setius autem attribuere suspiciuntur. Autoanticorpora contra receptoria eadem pluribus morbis coniuncta sunt veluti singulae formae morbi comitialis, Lupi erythematodis, ictuum.

Species

Species	Nomen	Agonistis[3]
ionotropicae	Receptoria NMDA	NMDA
	Receptoria Kainati	Kainatum
	Receptoria AMPA	AMPA
metabotropicae	mGluR	L-AP4, ACPD, L-QA[4]

Ionotropicae

Subunitates Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati cum genis suis:^[5][6]

Familia receptoriorum	Subunitas (nomenclatura prior)	Genum	Chromosoma (humanum)
AMPA	GluA1 (GluR1)	GRIA1	5q33
	GluA2 (GluR2)	GRIA2	4q32-33
	GluA3 (GluR3)	GRIA3	Xq25-26
	GluA4 (GluR4)	GRIA4	11q22-23
Kainatum	GluK1 (GluR5)	GRIK1	21q21.1-22.1
	GluK2 (GluR6)	GRIK2	6q16.3-q21
	GluK3 (GluR7)	GRIK3	1p34-33
	GluK4 (KA-1)	GRIK4	11q22.3
	GluK5 (KA-2)	GRIK5	19q13.2
NMDA	GluN1(NR1)	GRIN1	9q34.3
	GluN2A (NR2A)	GRIN2A	16p13.2
	GluN2B (NR2B)	GRIN2B	12p12
	GluN2C (NR2C)	GRIN2C	17q24-25
	GluN2D (NR2D)	GRIN2D	19q13.1qter
	GluN3A (NR3A)	GRIN3A	9q31.1
	GluN3B (NR3B)	GRIN3B	19p13.3

Metabotropicae

Mammalium receptoria metabotropica glutamati mGluR# nominantur, tres greges sunt:

Grex	Receptorium	Genum	Chromosoma (humanum)	Effectus
1	mGluR1	GRM1	6q24	Incrementum Ca2+ in cytoplasmate.
	mGluR5	GRM5	11q14.3	Liberatio K+ ex cellula canalibus ionticis K+
2	mGluR2	GRM2	3p21.2	Inhibitio adenylyl cyclasis, decrementum cAMP
	mGluR3	GRM3	7q21.1-q21.2
3	mGluR4	GRM4	6p21.3	Incrementum canalum ionticorum Ca2+, cum influxu Ca2+ intra cellulam[7]
	mGluR6	GRM6	5q35
	mGluR7	GRM7	3p26-p25
	mGluR8	GRM8	7q31.3-q32.1

Nexus interni

• Psychopharmacologia
• Transportator glutamati