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प्राचीन काळापासून मानवी लोकवस्ती असणाऱ्या नगरांची यादी खाली दिली आहे. This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited.The age claims listed may be disputed, or indeed obsolete. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuously inhabited".
प्रत्येकास "जगातील सर्वात प्राचीन नगर" म्हणून ख्याती असणाऱ्या (दमास्कस, बायब्लॉस, जेरिको, वाराणशी)ह्या शहरांचा देखील ह्या यादीत समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. Caveats to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.
Continuous habitation since the Chalcolithic (or Copper Age) is possible (but difficult) to prove archaeologically for several Levantine cities (Jericho, Byblos, Damascus, Sidon and Beirut). Cities became more common outside the Fertile Crescent with the Early Iron Age from about 1100 BC. The foundation of Rome in 753 BC is conventionally taken as one of the dates initiating Classical Antiquity.साचा:Fact
नगराचे नाव | ऐतिहासिक विभाग/प्रांत | ठिकाण | सातत्याने मानववस्ती असल्याच्या नोंदी | नोंदी |
---|---|---|---|---|
दमिश्क | लेव्हांत | सीरिया | चालकॉलिथिक | Excavations at Tel Ramad on the outskirts of the city have demonstrated that Damascus was inhabited as early as 8000 to 10,000 BC.[1]साचा:Dubious However, Damascus is not documented as an important city until the coming of the Aramaeans around 1400 BC. See reference for presence of urban life among cattle herders at this date — also due to land fertility and constant water source.[ संदर्भ हवा ] |
जेरिको | लेव्हांत | वेस्ट बँक | चाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ३००० पूर्वी) | Traces of habitation from 9000 BC.[2][3]
Fortifications date to 6800 BC (or earlier), making Jericho the earliest known walled city.[4] Evidence indicates that the city was abandoned several times, and later expanded and rebuilt several times.[5] |
बॅब्लिओस | लेव्हांत | लेबॅनॉन | चाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ५००० पूर्वी)[6] | Settled from the Neolithic (carbon-dating tests have set the age of earliest settlement around 7000[7]), a city since the 3rd millennium BC.[6] Byblos had a reputation as the "oldest city in the world" in Antiquity (according to Philo of Byblos). |
सिडॉन | लेव्हांत | लेबॅनॉन | इ.स.पू. ४००० [8] | There is evidence that Sidon was inhabited from as long ago as 4000 BC, and perhaps, as early as Neolithic times (6000 - 4000 BC). |
अल फय्युम (as Crocodilopolis or Arsinoe, ancient Egyptian: Shediet) | इजिप्त | फैयुम प्रांत, इजिप्त | इ.स.पू. (४००० अंदाजे)[9] | |
गाझियांटेप | अनातोलिया | नैऋत्य अनातोलिया प्रांत, तुर्कस्तान | इ.स.पू. ३६५०[ संदर्भ हवा ] | This is disputed, although most modern scholars place the Classical Antiochia ad Taurum at Gaziantep, some maintain that it was located at Aleppo. Furthermore, that the two cities occupy the same site is far from established fact (see Gaziantep). Assuming this to be the case, the founding date of the present site would be about 1,000 BC. (see Gaziantep) |
राय | इराण | इ.स.पू. ३०००[10] | A settlement at the site goes back to the 3rd millennium BC. Rayy is mentioned in the Avesta (an important text of prayers in Zoroastrianism, as a sacred place, and it is also featured in the book of Tobit.[10] | |
बैरुत | लेव्हांत | लेबेनॉन | इ.स.पू. ३०००[11] | |
टायर | लेव्हांत | लेबेनॉन | इ.स.पू. २७५०[12] | |
आर्बिल | मेसोपोटेमिया | कुर्दिस्तान प्रांत, इराक | इ.स.पू. २३०० किंवा त्याआआधी[13] | |
अराफा (किर्कुक) | मेसोपोटेमिया | किर्कुक प्रांत, इराक | इ.स.पू. ३०००-२२००[14] | |
जाफ्फा | लेव्हांत | इस्रायेल | इ.स.पू. २००० (अं) | Archaeological evidence shows habitation from 7500 BC.[15] |
अलेप्पो | लेव्हांत | सिरिया | इ.स.पू. २००० (अं)[16] | Evidence of occupation since about 5000 BC.[17] |
बल्ख (बॅक्ट्रा) | बॅक्ट्रिया | बल्ख प्रांत, अफगाणिस्तान | इ.स.पू. १५०० (अं) | Balkh is one of the oldest settlements of the region.[18] |
हेब्रॉन | लेव्हांत | वेस्ट बँक | इ.स.पू. १५०० (अं) | Hebron is considered one of the oldest cities and has been continuously
inhabited for nearly 3500 years.[19] |
चानिया | क्रीट | क्रीट, ग्रीस | इ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) | Minoan foundation as Kydonia |
लारनाका | अलाशिया | सायप्रस | इ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) | Mycenaean, then Phoenician colony |
Thebes | Mycenaean Greece | Boeotia, Greece | ca. 1400 BC | Mycenaean foundation |
अथेन्स | मिसेनेइयन ग्रीस | ॲटिका, ग्रीस | इ.स.पू. १४०० | Mycenaean foundation, with traces of earlier habitation on the Acropolis. |
आर्गोस | मिसेनेइयन ग्रीस | ग्रीस | इ.स.पू. १२०० आधी | |
Trikala | Mycenaean Greece | Thessaly, Greece | before 1200 BC | founded as Trikke |
Chalcis | Mycenaean Greece | Greece | before 1200 BC | mentioned by Homer |
Lisbon | Iron Age Iberia | Portugal | ca. 1200 BC | A settlement since the Neolithic. Allis Ubbo, arguably a Phoenician name, became Olissipo(-nis) in Greek and Latin (also Felicitas Julia after Roman conquest in 205 BC). |
Cádiz | Iron Age Iberia | Andalusia, स्पेन | 1100 BC | founded as Phoenician Gadir, "Europe's oldest city"[20] |
Patras | Mycenaean Greece | Greece | ca. 1100 BC | founded by Patreus |
वाराणसी | भारत | उत्तर प्रदेश, भारत | ca. 1200-1000 BC[21] | लोह युग foundation (Painted Grey Ware culture). |
Xi'an | Bronze Age China | Shaanxi, PRC | ca. 1100 BC | |
Chios | Chios | North Aegean, Greece | ca. 1100 BC | |
Gaza City | Levant | Gaza Strip | ca. 1000 BC | While evidence of habitation dates back at least 5,000 years, it is said to be continuously inhabited for a little more than 3,000 years.[22][23] |
Mytilene | Lesbos | North Aegean, Greece | 10th century BC | |
Anuradhapura | Rajarata | North Central Province, श्रीलंका | 10th century BC[ संदर्भ हवा ] | |
Pula | Istria | Croatia | 10th century BCसाचा:Dubious | The city's earliest recordedसाचा:By whom permanent habitation dates back to the 10th century BC (Ivelja-Dalmatin 200).साचा:Verify credibility[24] |
Zadar | Liburnia | Croatia | 9th century BCसाचा:Dubious | based on archaeological evidence, according to Suić (1981)साचा:Dubious.[25] |
Nin | Liburnia | Croatia | 9th century BC]]साचा:Dubious | based on archaeological evidence, according to www.nin.hr.साचा:Verify credibility |
नेपल्स | Magna Graecia | इटली | 8th century BC[26] | founded as Parthenope. |
Hamadan (As Ecbatana) | Median Empire | Iran | ca. 800 BC [27] | |
Yerevan (as Erebuni) | Urartu | Armenia | ca. 800 BC[28] | |
उज्जैन (As अवंती) | माळवा | भारत | ८०० इ.स..पू.[29] | ७०० इ.स.पू. मध्ये अवंतीची राजधानी म्हणून उदयास आले. भारत देशाची दुसऱ्या शहरीकरीकरणाच्या लहरीत ६०० इ.स.पू प्रगती झाली. |
रोम | Latium | Lazio, इटली | ७५३ इ.स.पू. | १००० इ.स.पू.पासून नेहमी गजबजलेले.; इ.स.पू. ९ व्या शतकात चरावाहांचे खेडे म्हणून माहितीत.; हे सुद्धा पहा History of Rome and Founding of Rome. |
Corfu, Kerkyra | Corfu | Ionian Islands, Greece | 700 BC | |
समरकंद | Sogdiana | उझबेकिस्थान | ७०० इ.स.पू. | |
इस्तंबूल/बायझेन्टियम | Thrace Anatolia | Turkey | 685 BC Anatolia 667 BC Thrace | Neolithic site dated to 6400 BC, over port of Lygos by Thracians circa 1150 BC |
Durrës | Illyria | Albania | 627 BC | Founded[30] by settlers from Corcyra & Corinth as Epidamnos |
Stara Zagora | Thrace | Bulgaria | 342 BC | It was called Beroe in ancient times and was founded by Phillip II of Macedon[31][32][33][34], although a Thracian settlement neolithic inhabitation have been discovered as well. |
Varna | Thrace | Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, Bulgaria | 585 BC - 570 BC | founded[35] as Odessos by settlers from Miletus |
Kavala | Macedonia | Greece | 6th century BC | founded as Neapolis |
Edessa, Greece | Macedonia | Greece | before the 6th century BC | capital of Macedonia up to 6th century BC |
Mangalia | Dacia | Romania | 6th century BC | founded as Callatis |
Constanţa | Dacia | Romania | 6th century BC | founded as Tomis |
Mantua | Po Valley | Lombardy, Italy | 6th century BC | Village settlement since ca. 2000 BC; became an Etruscan city in the 6th century BC. |
Herat | Aria | Herat Province, Afghanistan | ca. 550 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ] | The city is dominated by the remains of a citadel constructed by Alexander the Great. |
दिल्ली | कुरु | भारत | ५०० इ.स.पू.[36] | इ.स.पू.च्या सुरुवातीच्या शतकांपासूनचे शहर, ११ व्या शतकापासून शहरात मानवी वस्तीचे संकेत हे सुद्धा पहा History of Delhi. |
मदुरै | पांडियन राज्य | तमिळनाडू, भारत | ५०० इ.स.पू.[ संदर्भ हवा ] | |
बिजिंग (as Ji, Yanjing) | Yan | चीन | इ.स.पू.५०० [ संदर्भ हवा ] | |
इफे | Osun State, Nigeria | ca. 500 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ] | ||
पाटना | मगध | बिहार, भारत | ४९० इ.स.पू.[37] | |
वैशाली | मगध | बिहार, भारत | 500 BC[37] | |
राजग्रह (राजगिर) | मगध | बिहार, भारत | इ.स.पू. ६००[38] | |
Serres | Macedonia | Greece | 5th century BC | first mentioned in the 5th century BC as Siris |
Lamia (city) | Greece | Greece | before the 5th century BC | first mentioned 424 BC |
Veria | Macedonia | Greece | ca. 432 BC | first mentioned by Thucydides in 432 BC |
Rhodes | Rhodes, Aegean Sea | Dodecanese, Greece | ca. 408 BC | |
बेलग्रेड | Illyria | Serbia | 400 BC | Vinča culture prospered around Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC |
थेसालोनिकी | Macedonia (ancient kingdom) | Greece | 315 BC | founded as a new city in the same place of the older city Therme. |
Berat | Macedonia (ancient kingdom) | Albania | 314 BC | Founded[39] by Cassander as Antipatreia |
ग्वांग्झू (Canton) | Han Dynasty | Guangdong, PRC | 214 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ] | |
झुरिच (Lindenhof) | Gaul | स्वित्झर्लंड | ca. 50 BC | lakeside settlement traces dating to the Neolithic. |
Trier | Gallia Belgica | जर्मनी | 30 BC | Oldest city in जर्मनी. |
Nijmegen | Germania Inferior | Netherlands | 19 BC | Oldest city in the Netherlands. |
Chur | Raetia Prima | Grisons, स्वित्झर्लंड | 15 BC | habitation since the 4th millennium BC (Pfyn culture). |
Solothurn | Gaul | स्वित्झर्लंड | c. 20 AD | Evidence of pre-Roman, Celtic settlement; newly founded by the Romans between 14 – 37 AD, called the "oldest city in Gaul besides Trier" in a verse on the city's clock tower. |
लंडन | Britannia | ग्रेटब्रिटन | ४३ इ.स. | |
व्हेर्दुन | Lotharingia | फ्रांस | 4th century | seat of the bishop of Verdun from the 4th century, but populated earlier |
प्राग | Bohemia | Czech Republic | ca. 6th century | The first written record dates back to the 10th century [40]. |
Ioannina | Byzantine Empire | Greece | founded by emperor Justinian I | |
क्राकोव (Wawel Hill) | Galicia | Poland | 7th c.[41] | The first written record dates back to the 10th century. |
पालेंबंग | Srivijaya | Indonesia | ca. 600 | oldest city in the Malay Archipelago, capital of the Srivijaya empire. |
इफे | Osun State, Nigeria | ca. 8th century[ संदर्भ हवा ]साचा:Dubious | earliest traces of habitation date to the 4th century BC.[ संदर्भ हवा ] | |
Århus | Denmark | ca. 700 | oldest city in Scandinavia. | |
Djenné | Mali | ca. 800 | oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa[42] | |
Heraklion | Crete | Greece | 824 | founded by the Saracens |
डब्लिन | Ireland | Republic of Ireland | 841 | |
रेक्याविक | Iceland | Iceland | ca. 871 | |
Tønsberg | Norway | Norway | ca. 871 | oldest city in Norway. |
Tondo, Manila | Kingdom of Tondo | Philippines | 900[43] | oldest known settlement in the Philippines as documented by the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; when the Spanish, led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, arrived, it was still inhabited and led by at least one datu. |
Skara | स्वीडन | 988 | ||
Lund | Denmark | स्वीडन | ca. 990 Archived 2012-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. |
नाव | देश | स्थापना | नोंद |
---|---|---|---|
तिकुल | मेक्सिको | इ.स.पू.चे ७ वे शतक | उत्तर व दक्षिण अमेरिकेतील सतत वस्ती असलेली सगळ्यात जुनी वसाहत |
चोलुला | मेक्सिको | इ.स.पू.चे २ रे शतक (अंदाजे) | Pre-Columbian Cholula grew from a small village to a regional center during the 7th century. |
अकोमा पेब्लो आणि ताओस पेब्लो, न्यू मेक्सिको | अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने | इ.स. १०७५ (अं) | |
ओरैबी, ॲरिझोना | अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने | इ.स. ११०० (अं) | |
मेक्सिको सिटी | मेक्सिको | इ.स. १३२५ | Founded as Tenochtitlan by the Mexica. Named changed to Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico City) or Mexico-Tenochtitlan after the Spanish conquest of the city in 1521. Several other pre-Columbian towns such as Azcapotzalco, Tlatelolco, Xochimilco and Coyoacan have been engulfed by the growing metropolis and are now part of modern Mexico City. |
सांतो दॉमिंगो | डॉमिनिकन प्रजासत्ताक | इ.स. १४९६ | नवीन जगातील सगळ्यात जुनी युरोपीय वसाहत |
सान हुआन | पोर्तो रिको | इ.स. १५०८ | Oldest continuously inhabited city in a U.S. territory |
नोंब्रे दि दियोस, कोलोन | पनामा | इ.स. १५१० | Oldest European settlement on the American mainland |
बाराकोआ | क्यूबा | इ.स. १५११ | Oldest European settlement in Cuba |
साओ व्हिसेंते, साओ पाउलो | ब्राझील | इ.स. १५३२ | First Portuguese settlement in South America |
सेंट जॉन्स, न्यू फाउंडलंड आणि लाब्राडोर | कॅनडा | इ.स. १५४०च्या सुमारास | Oldest city in Canada, and oldest English-speaking city in North America |
सेंट ऑगस्टिन, फ्लोरिडा | अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने | इ.स. १५५६ | Oldest continuously inhabited European founded city within the United States |
जेम्सटाऊन, व्हर्जिनिया | अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने | इ.स. १६०७ | Second oldest successful European founded city in the United States[44] |
प्लीमथ, मॅसेच्युसेट्स | अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने | इ.स. १६२० | Third oldest continuously inhabited European founded city in the United States[45] |
क्वेबेक सिटी | कॅनडा | इ.स. १६०८ | Second oldest city in Canada |
सेंट जॉन | कॅनडा | इ.स. १६३१ | Third oldest city in Canada |
त्रुआ-रिव्हिएरेस | कॅनडा | इ.स. १६३४ | Fourth oldest city in Canada |
मॉंट्रिआल | कॅनडा | इ.स. १६४२ | Fifth oldest city in Canada |
सिडनी | ऑस्ट्रेलिया | इ.स. १७८८ | Oldest city in Australia |
होबार्ट | ऑस्ट्रेलिया | इ.स. १८०३ | Second oldest city in Australia |
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