Neon

This airticle is aboot the noble gas. For ither uisses, see Neon (disambiguation).

Neon is a chemical element wi seembol Ne an atomic nummer 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) o the periodic table. Neon is a colourless, odorless, inert monatomic gas unner staundart condeetions, wi aboot twa-thirds the density o air. It wis discovered (alang wi krypton an xenon) in 1898 as ane o the three residual rare inert elements remainin in dry air, efter nitrogen, oxygen, argon an carbon dioxide are removed. Neon wis the seicont o thir three rare gases tae be discovered, an wis immediately recognised as a new element frae its bricht reid emission spectrum. The name neon is derived frae the Greek wird, νέον, neuter singular furm o νέος [neos], meanin new. Neon is chemically inert an furms na uncharged chemical compoonds.

Neon, ₁₀Ne

Neon
Appearance	colourless gas exhibitin an orange-reid glow when placed in a heich voltage electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ne)	7001201797000000000♠20.1797(6)[1]
Neon in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium He ↑ Ne ↓ Ar fluorine ← neon → sodium
Atomic nummer (Z)	10
Group	group 18 (noble gases)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Element category	Noble gas
Electron confeeguration	[He] 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Meltin pynt	24.56 K ​(-248.59 °C, ​-415.46 °F)
Bylin pynt	27.104 K ​(-246.046 °C, ​-410.883 °F)
Density (at STP)	0.9002 g/L
whan liquid (at b.p.)	1.207[2] g/cm3
Treeple pynt	24.556 K, ​43.37[3][4] kPa
Creetical pynt	44.4918 K, 2.7686[4] MPa
Heat o fusion	0.335 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	1.71 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	5R/2 = 20.786 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 12 13 15 18 21 27
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0
Ionisation energies	(more)
Covalent radius	58 pm
Van der Waals radius	154 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o neon
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​face-centred cubic (fcc)
Speed o soond	(gas, 0 °C) 435 m/s
Thermal conductivity	49.1×10−3  W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic[5]
Bulk modulus	654 GPa
CAS Nummer	7440-01-9
History
Prediction	William Ramsay (1897)
Diskivery	William Ramsay & Morris Travers[6] (1898)
First isolation	William Ramsay & Morris Travers[7] (1898)
Main isotopes o neon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 20Ne 90.48% stable 21Ne 0.27% stable 22Ne 9.25% stable
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