1258

1258 (MCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1258th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 258th year of the 2nd millennium, the 58th year of the 13th century, and the 9th year of the 1250s decade. As of the start of 1258, the Gregorian calendar was 7 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

1258 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1258 MCCLVIII
Ab urbe condita	2011
Armenian calendar	707 ԹՎ ՉԷ
Assyrian calendar	6008
Balinese saka calendar	1179–1180
Bengali calendar	665
Berber calendar	2208
English Regnal year	42 Hen. 3 – 43 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1802
Burmese calendar	620
Byzantine calendar	6766–6767
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3954 or 3894     — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3955 or 3895
Coptic calendar	974–975
Discordian calendar	2424
Ethiopian calendar	1250–1251
Hebrew calendar	5018–5019
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1314–1315
- Shaka Samvat	1179–1180
- Kali Yuga	4358–4359
Holocene calendar	11258
Igbo calendar	258–259
Iranian calendar	636–637
Islamic calendar	655–656
Japanese calendar	Shōka 2 (正嘉２年)
Javanese calendar	1167–1168
Julian calendar	1258 MCCLVIII
Korean calendar	3591
Minguo calendar	654 before ROC 民前654年
Nanakshahi calendar	−210
Thai solar calendar	1800–1801
Tibetan calendar	མེ་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Fire-Snake) 1384 or 1003 or 231     — to — ས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Horse) 1385 or 1004 or 232

Events

• c. January – A giant volcano erupts. No one is sure where, but it may have been in a tropical location like El Chichón, Mexico or Quilotoa, Ecuador.^[1] Observed effects of the eruption include the following anecdotal accounts: dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a "harsh" spring in Northern Iceland; famine in England, Western Germany, France, and Northern Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and South-East Turkey.^[2]

• February 10 – Battle of Baghdad (1258) – Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad. The city was the center of Islamic culture and learning and capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mongols burned the city to the ground, and killed many people.

• Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. He is the last ruler of an independent Wales before its conquest by the English.
• King Henry III of England is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy in England by requiring the calling of a parliament.
• The Chinese era Baoyou ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
• Civil unrest in northern Italy starts the medieval musical form of Geisslerlieder, songs of repentance sung by wandering bands of Flagellants.
• Gissur Thorvaldsson is made Earl of Iceland by King Haakon IV of Norway.
• Korea surrenders to Mongols.

Births

• Arghun, fourth Ilkhanate ruler of Iran (approximate date; died 1291)
• Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1326)

Deaths

• February 20 – Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
• August 18 – Theodore II Lascaris, emperor of Nicea (Byzantine Emperor in exile)
• Hong Bok-won, Goryeo commander who later served the Mongol Empire
• Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol (born c. 1200)
• Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, Moroccan spiritual leader (born 1175)
• Clement of Dunblane,13th-century Dominican friar who was the first member of the Dominican Order in Britain to become a bishop