1709

1709 (MDCCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1709th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 709th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1709, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1709 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1709 MDCCIX
Ab urbe condita	2462
Armenian calendar	1158 ԹՎ ՌՃԾԸ
Assyrian calendar	6459
Balinese saka calendar	1630–1631
Bengali calendar	1116
Berber calendar	2659
British Regnal year	7 Ann. 1 – 8 Ann. 1
Buddhist calendar	2253
Burmese calendar	1071
Byzantine calendar	7217–7218
Chinese calendar	戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4405 or 4345     — to — 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 4406 or 4346
Coptic calendar	1425–1426
Discordian calendar	2875
Ethiopian calendar	1701–1702
Hebrew calendar	5469–5470
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1765–1766
- Shaka Samvat	1630–1631
- Kali Yuga	4809–4810
Holocene calendar	11709
Igbo calendar	709–710
Iranian calendar	1087–1088
Islamic calendar	1120–1121
Japanese calendar	Hōei 6 (宝永６年)
Javanese calendar	1632–1633
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4042
Minguo calendar	203 before ROC 民前203年
Nanakshahi calendar	241
Thai solar calendar	2251–2252
Tibetan calendar	ས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Rat) 1835 or 1454 or 682     — to — ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Earth-Ox) 1836 or 1455 or 683

Events

• January 10 - Abraham Darby I makes cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.^[1][2][3]
• February - In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with Masque de la Mobile in the capital of French Louisianne, Mobile (Alabama), before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the Mobile River to Mobile Bay in 1711.
• February 2 - Alexander Selkirk is rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.

July 8: Battle of Poltava.

• July 8 (New Style) - Battle of Poltava: In Ukraine, Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava (see above).
• August 8 - The hot air balloon of Bartolomeu de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
• September 11 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, the Netherlands and Austria defeat France.
• October 12 - The City of Chihuahua, México is founded.
• December 25 - In London, 10 ships leave for the New York colony, carrying over 4,000 people.

Births

• February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor (d. 1782)
• March 10 – Georg Steller, German naturalist (d. 1746)
• August 7 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (d. 1784)
• August 8 – Tokugawa Ietsugu, 7th Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan (d. 1716)
• September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d. 1784)
• November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, (d. 1759)
• December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, reigning Empress of Russia (d. 1762)
• John Cleland, English novelist (d. 1789)
• Charles Collé, French dramatist (d. 1783)