July 30

July 30 is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 154 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

• 634 – Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine Empire forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel.
• 762 – Baghdad is founded.
• 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill 7 members of the Prague city council.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay of Islands off present-day Honduras during his fourth voyage.
• 1619 – Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative factory in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, meets for the first time.
• 1629 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills around 10,000 people.
• 1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins. Frederick Henry, Prince Orange begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish army.
• 1656 – Swedish forces under Charles X Gustaf of Sweden defeat forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
• 1676 – Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the people of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion, against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
• 1729 – The city of Baltimore in Maryland is founded.
• 1775 – James Cook returns to England from his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean.
• 1792 – La Marseillaise, the current national anthem of France, is sung for the first time.
• 1811 – The Mexican revolutionary Miguel Hidalgo is executed.
• 1859 – First successful climb of Grand Combin in the Alps.
• 1863 – American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
• 1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers.
• 1871 – The Staten Island ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.

1901 – 2000

• 1912 – Emperor Meiji of Japan dies, being succeeded by his son Yoshihito, now known as Emperor Taisho.
• 1917 – An earthquake in China kills around 1,800 people.
• 1930 – Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup, beating Argentina 4–2 in the final.
• 1932 – The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
• 1932 – Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" is shown for the first time. It is the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award–winning short.
• 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 people.
• 1956 – 'In God We Trust' becomes the national motto of the United States.
• 1962 – The Trans–Canada Highway opens.
• 1965 – In the US, the Medicare insurance programme for senior citizens is signed into law.
• 1966 – England wins the FIFA World Cup, beating West Germany 4–2, in a match that included the disputed Wembley Goal.
• 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 aircraft and a Japanese Air Force F-86 plane collide over Morioka, Japan, killing 162 people.
• 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 mission – David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
• 1975 – Teamsters Union President Jimmy Hoffa disappears from a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, and is never seen or heard from again.
• 1978 – Car traffic in Okinawa switches from the right to the left side of the road.
• 1980 – The New Hebrides become independent, and change their name to Vanuatu.
• 1991 – Luciano Pavarotti celebrates 30 years in opera by giving a free concert in Hyde Park, London.
• 2000 – Norway gifts the Heimaey Stave Church to Iceland to mark the country's 1000 years of Christianity.

From 2001

• 2003 – The last Old Style Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line in Mexico.
• 2004 – Gas pipeline explodes in the village of Ghislenghien in Belgium, killing 24 people and injuring 132.
• 2006 – The BBC music programme Top of the Pops is shown for the last time, after a run of more than 42 years.
• 2006 – The Israeli air force bombs the town of Qana in Lebanon, killing 28 people.
• 2007 – Movie directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman die on the same day as each other.
• 2008 – Radovan Karadzic is transferred to The Hague after being arrested on war crimes charges.
• 2009 – A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. ETA carried out the attack.
• 2012 – A massive power grid failure affects 22 states and over 700 million people in northern India.
• 2012 – A train fire in Andhra Pradesh, India, kills 32 people.
• 2017 – Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 American diplomats in response to US sanctions against Russia.
• 2018 – Parliamentary and Presidential elections are held in Zimbabwe, the first ones to take place since the resignation of Robert Mugabe.

Births

Up to 1900

• 1470 – Hongzhi Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1505)
• 1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer and architect (d. 1574)
• 1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
• 1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
• 1683 – Countess Sophie of Erbach-Erbach, German aristocrat (d. 1742)
• 1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)
• 1763 – Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
• 1813 – William Spurrell, Welsh printer and publisher (d. 1889)
• 1818 – Emily Brontë, English writer (d. 1848)
• 1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
• 1825 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893)
• 1832 – George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890)
• 1833 – Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (d. 1896)
• 1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)
• 1856 – Richard Burton Haldane, Scottish philosopher, lawyer and statesman (d. 1928)
• 1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American political economist (d. 1929)
• 1863 – Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)
• 1872 – Princess Clementine of Belgium (d. 1955)
• 1881 – Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940)
• 1887 – Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968)
• 1888 – Werner Jaeger, German classical philologist (d. 1961)
• 1888 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
• 1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)
• 1893 – Fatimah Jinnah, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1967)
• 1895 – Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
• 1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)

1901 – 1950

• 1901 – Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
• 1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
• 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and writer (d. 1993)
• 1910 – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003)
• 1914 – Lord Killanin, Irish Olympic official (d. 1999)
• 1915 – Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2001)
• 1919 – Berniece Baker Miracle, American author
• 1920 – Marie Tharp, American scientist (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Antoine Duhamel, French composer (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (d. 2015)
• 1925 – Stan Stennett, Welsh actor (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Tony Hiller, British songwriter (d. 2018)
• 1927 – Richard Johnson, English actor, writer and producer (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1928 – Chris Howland, British-German singer, presenter, actor and writer (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Tony Lip, American actor (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Bud Selig, American businessman and Commissioner of Baseball
• 1936 – Buddy Guy, American Blues guitarist and singer
• 1936 – Infanta Pilar of Spain
• 1938 – Hervé de Charette, French politician
• 1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American director
• 1940 – Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor
• 1941 – Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer
• 1943 – Giovanni Goria, 46th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
• 1943 – Giuseppe Versaldi, Italian cardinal
• 1944 – Peter Bottomley, English politician
• 1944 – Frances de la Tour, English actress
• 1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist
• 1945 – David Sanborn, American jazz saxophonist
• 1947 – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner
• 1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and former Governor of California
• 1947 – William Atherton, American actor
• 1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
• 1948 – James H. Burnley IV, American politician
• 1950 – Harriet Harman, British politician
• 1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer

1951 – 1975

• 1954 – Ken Olin, American actor, producer and actor
• 1955 – Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
• 1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
• 1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
• 1958 – Kate Bush, British singer
• 1958 – Daley Thompson, British athlete
• 1958 – Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter
• 1959 – Petra Felke, German athlete
• 1960 – Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
• 1960 – Richard Linklater, American director
• 1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor
• 1962 – Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (d. 2015)
• 1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress
• 1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player
• 1964 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer
• 1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director
• 1966 – Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1966 – Lisa Madigan, American politician
• 1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
• 1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker
• 1968 – Terry Crews, American actor
• 1968 – Sofie Grabol, Danish actress
• 1969 – Simon Baker, Australian-American actor
• 1969 – Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
• 1970 – Alun Cairns, Welsh politician
• 1970 – Christopher Nolan, English movie director
• 1971 – Claude Dambury, French footballer
• 1971 – Tom Green, American actor and comedian
• 1971 – Christine Taylor, American actress
• 1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian singer
• 1973 – Dean Edwards, American actor and comedian
• 1973 – Clementa C. Pinckney, American pastor and politician (d. 2015)
• 1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress
• 1974 – Jason Robinson, English rugby player

From 1976

• 1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist
• 1977 – Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
• 1977 – Derek Mackay, Scottish politician
• 1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer
• 1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
• 1979 – Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
• 1980 – Justin Rose, English golfer
• 1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)
• 1981 – Hope Solo, American soccer player
• 1981 – Lisa Goldstein, American actress
• 1982 – Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
• 1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer
• 1983 – Sean Dillon, Irish footballer
• 1985 – Daniel Friedheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
• 1988 – Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress, singer and dancer
• 1990 – Coco Sumner, British singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1991 – Diana Vickers, British singer
• 1992 – Fabiano Caruana, American chess player
• 1992 – Hannah Cockroft, British Paralympic athlete
• 1993 – Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1995 – Jorge Cori, Peruvian chess player
• 1995 – Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer
• 1999 – Joey King, American actress
• 2002 – Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese Royal

Deaths

Up to 1900

• 578 – Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
• 579 – Pope Benedict I
• 734 – Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497)
• 1540 – Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495)
• 1652 – Charles Amédée de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
• 1680 – Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
• 1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• 1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
• 1715 – Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)
• 1718 – William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
• 1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)
• 1789 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. 1713)
• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753)
• 1875 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
• 1898 – Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor (b. 1815)
• 1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)

1901 – 2000

• 1908 – James Budd, Governor of California (b. 1851)
• 1912 – Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)
• 1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
• 1927 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman (b. 1877)
• 1938 – John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
• 1947 – Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
• 1949 – Stoyan Danev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
• 1965 – Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (b. 1886)
• 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
• 1971 – Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901)
• 1978 – Umberto Nobile, Italian airship pioneer (b. 1885)
• 1983 – Lynn Fontanne, stage and movie actress (b. 1887)
• 1985 – Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
• 1986 – John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1931)
• 1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian comic artist (b. 1914)
• 1992 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
• 1996 – Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Magda Schneider, German actress and singer (b. 1909)
• 1997 – Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)

From 2001

• 2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
• 2005 – John Garang, South Sudanese politician (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Murray Bookchin, American Libertarian socialist (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Teoctist Arapasu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1915)
• 2008 – Anne Armstrong, American diplomat (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant (Boko Haram) (b. 1970)
• 2011 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Chris Marker, French movie maker (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Maeve Binchy, Irish writer (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (b. 1914)
• 2013 – Antoni Ramallets, Catalan-Spanish footballer (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Julio Grondona, Argentine football executive (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Dick Wagner, American rock guitarist (b. 1942)
• 2014 – Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Peter Hall, British urban planner (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Harun Farocki, German filmmaker and author (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Manfred Roeder, German Wehrmacht soldier and far-right activist (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (b. 1962)
• 2015 – Lynn Anderson, American country singer (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., American businessman (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Alana Vrzanova, Czech figure skater (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Tato Cifuentes, Chilean-born Argentine actor and singer (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Ciro Cirillo, Italian politician (b. 1921)
• 2017 – H. Sayeeduddin Dagar, Indian singer (b. 1939)
• 2017 – Paulo Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1959)
• 2017 – Slim Mahfoudh, Tunisian actor (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Andreas Kappes, German cyclist (b. 1965)
• 2018 – Khayyam Mirzazade, Azerbaijani composer and professor (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Michael A. Sheehan, American author (b. 1955)
• 2019 – Marcian Bleahu, Romanian geologist, writer and politician (b. 1924)

Observances

• Independence Day (Vanuatu)
• International Friendship Day
• Throne Day (Morocco)