1170s

The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179.

1170

This section is transcluded from 1170. (edit | history)

By place

Levant

• Winter – Egyptian forces, led by Saladin, invade the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and besiege Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to Egypt.^[1]
• Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the Gulf of Aqaba, which captures the Crusader outpost of Aila, at the head of the Gulf.^[2]

England

• June 14 – King Henry II has his 15-year-old son, Henry the Young King, crowned by Roger, Archbishop of York, as junior king and heir to the English throne. The coronation drives Pope Alexander III to allow the exiled Thomas Becket (whose privilege as Archbishop of Canterbury to crown English monarchs has been infringed) to lay an interdict on England as punishment, and this threat forces Henry to negotiate with Becket. Sir William Marshal is appointed tutor-in-arms to Henry the Young King.
• July 22 – Henry II and Thomas Becket meet near Fréteval, France, where they come to an agreement to end their differences. This results in Becket's partial restoration.
• November – Becket controversy: Thomas Becket excommunicates three bishops.^[3]
• December 1 – Becket controversy: Henry II sends word that his conflict with Thomas Becket is at an end, and his lands will be restored. Becket returns to England, landing at Sandwich.
• December 29 – Thomas Becket is assassinated by four knights (who believe themselves to be carrying out Henry II's wishes) in Canterbury Cathedral, after his refusal to be arrested for breaking his agreement with Henry II.^[4]
• This is the earliest date for the making of cheddar cheese in Somerset (this is according to a pipe roll of Henry II, who purchases 10,240 lb of cheddar at a farthing per pound).

Ireland

• September 21 – Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland: Following a siege, combined Anglo-Norman and Irish forces seize the city of Dublin, forcing Ascall mac Ragnaill, last King of Dublin, into exile.^[5]

Africa

• Fes in the Almohad Caliphate (modern Morocco) becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.^[6]

Asia

• June 29 – 1170 Syria earthquake: One of the largest earthquakes to hit Syria. It forms part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagate southwards along the Dead Sea Transform, starting with the 1138 Aleppo earthquake and continuing with the 1157 Hama, 1170 and 1202 Syria events.^[7]
• The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court of Goryeo and place Myeongjong as new ruler on the throne of the Goryeo dynasty.

By topic

Folklore

• The Welsh prince Madoc (son of King Owain ap Gruffudd of Gwynedd) sails to North America, in his ship the Gwennan Gorn, and founds a colony.

Religion

• Peter Waldo, a French merchant of Lyon, starts the popular religious movement of the "Poor Men of Lyon", or Waldenses.^[8]

Significant people

• Saladin (c.1137 - 1193)
• Al-Mustadi (1142 - 1182)
• Pope Alexander III (c. 1100 - 1181)
• Henry II, King of England (1133 - 1189)
• Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem (1161 - 1185)
• Eleanor of Aquitaine (c.1124 - 1204)

Births

Transcluding articles: 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, and 1179

1170

• April 5 – Isabella of Hainault, queen of France (d. 1190)
• May 9 – Valdemar II (the Conqueror), king of Denmark (d. 1241)
• August 8 – Dominic, founder of the Dominican Order (d. 1221)
• October 8 – Vladimir III Igorevich, Kievan prince (d. 1211)
• Agnes I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1192)
• Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (d. 1230)
• Amaury I, French nobleman (House of Craon) (d. 1226)
• Asukai Masatsune, Japanese waka poet and writer (d. 1221)
• Azzo VI of Este (or Azzolino), Italian nobleman (d. 1212)
• Bahauddin Zakariya, Ghurid scholar and poet (d. 1262)
• Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt, French nobleman (d. 1246)
• Ermengarde de Beaumont, queen of Scotland (d. 1233)
• Eustace the Monk, French mercenary and pirate (d. 1217)
• Franca Visalta, Italian nun and abbess (approximate date)
• Gebhard I of Plain (or Pleyen), German bishop (d. 1232)
• Giovanni Colonna (the Younger), Italian cardinal (d. 1245)
• Henry Borwin II (or Burwy), German nobleman (d. 1226)
• Hubert de Burgh, English Chief Justiciar (approximate date)
• John of Brienne (or John I), king of Jerusalem (d. 1237)
• Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician (approximate date)
• Lope Díaz II, Castilian nobleman (House of Haro) (d. 1236)
• Maelgwn ap Rhys, Welsh prince of Deheubarth (d. 1230)
• Matilda of Boulogne, duchess of Brabant (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Ienaga, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1234)
• Muqali (or Mukhhulai), Mongol military leader (d. 1223)
• Pons d'Ortaffa, Catalan nobleman and troubadour (d. 1246)
• Ranulf de Blondeville, English nobleman and regent (d. 1232)
• Richard de Percy, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Navarrese bishop (d. 1247)
• Roger de Lacy, English nobleman and crusader (d. 1211)
• Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (approximate date)
• Sophia of Wittelsbach, German noblewoman (d. 1238)
• Theoderich II von Wied, German archbishop (d. 1242)
• Walther von der Vogelweide, German lyrical poet (d. 1230)
• Xiang Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1211)
• Zhao Rukuo, Chinese historian and politician (d. 1231)
• Uberto Visconti, lord of Massino, Albizzate and Besnate (d. 1248)

1171

• August 15 – Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia (d. 1230)
• Agnes of France (or Anna), Byzantine empress (d. 1220)
• Al-Aziz Uthman, Egyptian ruler and son of Saladin (d. 1198)
• Matilda of Chester (or Maud), English noblewoman (d. 1233)
• Minamoto no Michitomo, Japanese nobleman (d. 1227)
• Muhammad Aufi, Persian historian and philologist (d. 1242)
• Saionji Kintsune, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1244)
• Stephen de Segrave, English Chief Justiciar (d. 1241)

1172

• July 12 – Matsudono Moroie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1238)
• Kamal al-Din Isfahani, Persian poet and writer (d. 1237)
• Al-Qifti, Egyptian historian and biographer (d. 1248)
• Az-Zahir Ghazi, Ayyubid ruler of Aleppo (d. 1216)
• Baldwin I, emperor of the Latin Empire (d. 1205)
• Conrad II, duke of Swabia and Rothenburg (d. 1196)
• Isabel de Clare, countess of Pembroke (d. 1220)
• Isabella I, queen and regent of Jerusalem (d. 1205)
• Louis I of Blois, French nobleman (d. 1205)

1173

• May 21 – Shinran, founder of Jōdo Shinshū (Shin Buddhism) (d. 1263)
• October 31 – Kujō Ninshi, Japanese empress (d. 1239)
• December 23 – Louis I, duke of Bavaria (d. 1231)
• Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi, Arab Sunni scholar (d. 1245)
• Frederick I, count of Berg-Altena (d. 1198)
• Kolbeinn Tumason, Icelandic chieftain (d. 1208)
• Louis IV, Count of Chiny ("the Young"), French nobleman (d. 1226)
• Rostislav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1214)
• Tankei, Japanese Buddhist sculptor (d. 1256)
• Walter Devereux, Anglo-Norman nobleman (d. 1197)
• Approximate date – Llywelyn ab Iorwerth ("the Great"), Welsh king of Gwynedd (d. 1240)

1174

• Edmund of Abingdon, English archbishop (d. 1240)
• Emeric, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1204)
• Gerard of Villamagna, Italian hermit (d. 1242)
• Hedwig of Silesia, duchess of Greater Poland (d. 1243)
• Ingeborg of Denmark, queen of France (d. 1237)
• Liu Songnian, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1224)
• Robert de Gresle, English landowner (d. 1230)
• Sava (the Enlightener), Serbian prince (d. 1236)

1175

• February 4 – Nadaungmya, king of Burma (d. 1235)
• Al-Zahir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (d. 1226)
• Emo of Friesland, Frisian scholar and abbot (d. 1237)
• Frederick I, duke of Austria (d. 1198)
• Henry Audley, English nobleman (d. 1246)
• Herman II, German nobleman (House of Lippe) (d. 1229)
• Hōjō Tokifusa, Japanese nobleman and monk (d. 1240)
• Margaret of Hungary, Byzantine empress (d. 1223)
• Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and scholar (d. 1232)
• Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (House of Welf) (d. 1218)
• Philip I, margrave of Namur (d. 1212)
• Raymond of Penyafort, Spanish Dominican friar (d. 1275)
• Robert Grosseteste, English statesman (d. 1253)
• Roger III, king of Sicily (House of Hauteville) (d. 1193)
• Śārṅgadeva, Indian musicologist and writer (d. 1247)
• Subutai, Mongol general and strategist (d. 1248)
• Theodore I, emperor of Nicaea (d. 1221)
• Yolanda, empress of the Latin Empire (d. 1219)

1176

• October 15 – Leopold VI, German nobleman (d. 1230)
• Agnes of Hohenstaufen, German noblewoman (d. 1204)
• Al-Mu'azzam Isa, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus (d. 1227)
• Anna Komnene Angelina, Nicene empress (d. 1212)
• Fujiwara no Nobuzane, Japanese painter (d. 1265)
• Hachijō-in Takakura, Japanese waka poet (d. 1248)
• Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (d. 1220)
• Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster (approximate date)
• Maud le Vavasour, English noblewoman (d. 1225)
• Theresa of Portugal, queen of León (d. 1250)
• William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (d. 1226)

1177

• February/March – Philip of Swabia, rival of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1208)^[82][83]
• August – Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem (d. 1186)^[84]
• Marie of Oignies, French beguin (d. 1213)^[85]
• Prithviraj Chauhan, Indian ruler of Ajmer (d. 1192)
• Sylvester Gozzolini, Italian founder of the Sylvestrines (d. 1267)^[86]

1178

• October 27 – Zhen Dexiu, Chinese politician (d. 1235)
• December 22 – Antoku, emperor of Japan (d. 1185)^[87]
• Alam al-Din al-Hanafi, Ayyubid mathematician (d. 1251)
• Al-Faqih al-Muqaddam, Arab religious leader (d. 1232)
• Armand de Périgord, French Grand Master (d. 1244)
• Hugh I, Sardinian ruler (Judge of Arborea) (d. 1211)
• Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian politician (d. 1246)
• Peter II (the Catholic), king of Aragon (d. 1213)
• Roland of Cremona, French theologian (d. 1259)
• Thomas I (or Tommaso), count of Savoy (d. 1233)
• Wei Liaoweng, Chinese politician and philosopher (d. 1237)
• Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese calligrapher and painter (d. 1249)

1179

• April 4 – Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Indian preacher (d. 1266)
• May 13 – Theobald III, count of Champagne (d. 1201)
• May 17 – Ogasawara Nagatsune, Japanese warrior (d. 1247)
• Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1222)
• Donatus of Ripacandida, Italian monk and saint (d. 1198)
• John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut, constable (d. 1236)
• Konoe Iezane, Japanese nobleman and monk (d. 1243)
• Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (d. 1227)
• Serapion of Algiers, English priest and martyr (d. 1240)
• Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (d. 1241)
• William IV, Count of Ponthieu ("Talvas"), Norman nobleman (d. 1221)
• Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer and writer (d. 1229)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, and 1179

1170

• January 22 – Wang Chongyang, Chinese philosopher (b. 1113)
• April 23 – Minamoto no Tametomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1139)
• May 6 – Lope Díaz I de Haro, Castilian nobleman (b. 1105)
• May 21 – Godric of Finchale, English hermit and merchant
• July 25 – Reginald II of Bar (or Renaud), French nobleman
• August 19 – Mstislav II Izyaslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev
• September 6 – Qutb al-Din Mawdud, Zangid ruler of Mosul
• September 14 – Heilika of Lengenfeld, German countess
• November 18 – Albert I (the Bear), German nobleman
• November 20 – Gerung of Meissen, German bishop
• December 20 – Al-Mustanjid, Abbasid caliph (b. 1124)
• December 29 – Thomas Becket, English archbishop
• Abu Hamid al-Gharnati, Andalusian traveller (b. 1080)
• Aindileas Ua Chlúmháin, Irish chief poet and writer
• Christina Björnsdotter, queen of Sweden (b. 1120)
• Eliezer ben Nathan, German rabbi and poet (b. 1090)
• Gerlach of Valkenburg, Dutch hermit (b. 1100)
• Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, Portuguese knight
• Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd
• Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli, Arab-Sicilian politician (b. 1104)
• Joseph Kimhi, Spanish rabbi and poet (b. 1105)
• Owain ap Gruffudd, king of Gwynedd (b. 1100)
• Robert Fitzharding, English nobleman (b. 1095)
• Ruben II (or Roupen), Armenian prince (b. 1165)
• Zishou Miaozong, Chinese Zen master (b. 1095)

1171

• February 20 – Conan IV ("the Young"), duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
• March 29 – Achard of Saint Victor, Norman bishop (b. 1100)
• April 3 – Philip of Milly, French nobleman and knight (b. 1120)
• May 1 – Diarmaid mac Murchadha, king of Leinster (b. 1110)
• c. May 10 – Vladimir III Mstislavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1132)
• June 9 – Jacob ben Meir Tam, French Jewish rabbi (b. 1100)
• August 8 – Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester (b. 1096)
• September 13 – Al-Adid, last Fatimid caliph (b. 1151)^[88]
• November 8 – Baldwin IV, count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
• December 27 – Petrus Ua Mórda, bishop of Clonfert
• Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali, Zirid ruler (b. 1109)
• Ascall mac Ragnaill (or Torcaill), king of Dublin
• Gleb of Kiev (Yuryevich), Grand Prince of Kiev
• Iorwerth Goch ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman
• Narathu, ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (b. 1118)
• William de Courcy, Norman nobleman and knight
• Yesugei ("Baghatur"), Mongol chieftain (b. 1134)

1172

• March 4 – Stephen III, king of Hungary (b. 1147)
• March 7 – Il-Arslan, Khwarezm ruler (shah)
• May 28 – Vitale II Michiel, doge of Venice
• October 14 – Ludwig II, German nobleman (b. 1128)
• December 23 – Ugo Ventimiglia, Italian cardinal
• Douce II, countess of Provence (b. 1162)
• Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, king of Gwynedd
• Hugh of Fouilloy, French prior and writer
• Ibn Qalaqis, Fatimid poet and writer (b. 1137)
• Robert FitzEdith, English nobleman (b. 1093)
• Robert FitzRanulph, English high sheriff
• William III, French nobleman (b. 1093)
• William VII, French nobleman b. 1131)
• Henry, Prince of Capua, Sicilian prince (b. 1160)

1173

• January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, duke of Poland
• February 10 – Muiredach Ua Cobthaig, Irish bishop
• March 10 – Richard of Saint Victor, Scottish theologian
• May 25 – Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Belarusian granddaughter
• August 9 – Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Saladin
• August 13 – Nerses IV, Catholicos of Armenia (b. 1102)
• September 23 – Fujiwara no Ikushi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1146)
• October 15 – Petronilla, queen regnant of Aragon (b. 1136)
• November 7 – Uijong, Korean ruler Goryeo (b. 1127)
• Benoît de Sainte-Maure, French poet and writer
• Kol of Sweden, Swedish ruler of Östergötland
• Narasimha I, Indian ruler of the Hoysala Empire
• Raimbaut d'Aurenga, French troubadour (b. 1147)
• Rajaraja II, Indian ruler of the Chola dynasty
• Reginald Fitzurse, English nobleman (b. 1145)
• Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford, English nobleman (b. 1116)
• Approximate date
  • Benjamin of Tudela, Spanish Jewish traveler (b. 1130)
  • Hemachandra, Indian poet and polymath (b. 1088)

1174

• January 18 – Vladislaus II, duke of Bohemia (b. 1110)
• April 6 – Umara al-Yamani, Yemeni poet and historian (b. 1121)^[89]
• May 15 – Nur al-Din, Seljuk ruler of Syria (b. 1118)
• June 28 – Andrei Bogolyubsky, prince of Vladimir
• July 11 – Amalric I, king of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
• September 17 – Pietro di Miso, Italian cardinal
• September 22 – Uhtred, Lord of Galloway
• October 10 – Adela of Ponthieu, Countess of Surrey
• Ananda Thuriya, Burmese minister and poet
• Arnau Mir (or Arnal), count of Pallars Jussà
• Enguerrand (or Ingram), bishop of Glasgow
• Everard des Barres, French Grand Master
• Gilla Mo Chaidbeo, Irish monk and abbot
• Miles of Plancy (or Milo), French nobleman
• Mu'ayyid al-Din Ai-Aba, ruler of Nishapur
• Peter II of Tarentaise, French bishop (b. 1102)
• Shin Panthagu, Burmese monk (b. 1083)
• Walter of Mortagne, French philosopher
• Walter of Saint Omer, prince of Galilee
• William de Chesney, English nobleman
• William de Turbeville, English bishop

1175

• January 12 – Yi Ui-bang, Korean military leader (b. 1121)
• January 24 – Ibn Asakir, Syrian historian and mystic (b. 1105)
• March 5 – Frederick of Hallum, Frisian priest and abbot
• May 15 – Mleh I, prince of Armenia
• May 25 – Ishoyahb V, patriarch of the Church of the East
• July 1 – Reginald de Dunstanville, English nobleman (b. 1110)
• July 27 – Ponce de Minerva, French nobleman and general
• October 19 – Andrew of Saint Victor, English abbot and scholar
• November 13 – Henry of France, archbishop of Reims (b. 1121)
• Ibn Saad al-Khair al-Balancy, Arab Andalusian linguist and poet (b. 1116)
• Clementia of Zähringen, duchess of Bavaria and Saxony
• Maria Torribia, Spanish laywoman and hermit
• Nicholas Hagiotheodorites, Byzantine scholar and official

1176

• April 18 – Galdino della Sala, Italian archbishop (b. 1096)
• April 20 – Richard de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1130)
• May 8 – David FitzGerald, bishop of St. Davids (b. 1106)
• May 13 – Matthias I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)
• July 20 – Yoshika, Japanese empress (b. 1141)
• August 23 – Rokujō, emperor of Japan (b. 1164)
• September 1 – Maurice FitzGerald, English nobleman
• September 17
  • Baldwin of Antioch, French nobleman
  • John Kantakouzenos, Byzantine general
• October 12 – William d'Aubigny, English politician (b. 1109)
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi, Persian chronicler
• Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1102)
• Constance of France, French princess (approximate date)
• Fujiwara no Teishi, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1131)
• Jaksa Gryfita, Polish nobleman and knight (b. 1120)
• John Doukas (Komnenos), Byzantine governor (b. 1128)
• Klængur Þorsteinsson, bishop of Skálholt (b. 1102)
• Margrethe of Roskilde, Danish noblewoman and saint
• Michael Aspietes, Byzantine nobleman and general
• Rosamund Clifford (the Fair), mistress of Henry II
• Sancha Ponce de Cabrera, Spanish noblewoman
• Volodar Glebovich, prince of Minsk (approximate date)

1177

• January 13 – Henry II, Duke of Austria (b. 1107)^[90]
• January – Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway. (b. 1157)^[50]
• June – William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, father of Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. early 1140s)^[91][92]
• probable – Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (b. 1095)^[93]

1178

• February 17 – Evermode of Ratzeburg, German bishop
• May 27 – Godfrey van Rhenen, bishop of Utrecht
• December 30 – Pribislav, prince of Mecklenburg
• Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh, king of Iar Connacht
• Ada de Warenne, Scottish noblewoman (b. 1120)
• Amadeus I, Swiss nobleman (House of Geneva)
• Anthelm of Belley, French prior and bishop (b. 1107)
• Frowin of Engelberg (the Blessed), Swiss abbot
• Fujiwara no Narichika, Japanese nobleman (b. 1138)
• Kristin Sigurdsdatter, Norwegian princess (b. 1125)
• Nashwan al-Himyari, Arab theologian and writer
• Petrus Comestor, French theologian and writer
• Philippa of Antioch, princess of Antioch (b. 1148)
• Richard the Chaplain, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid
• Walter de Bidun, English bishop and chancellor
• William of Lucca, Italian theologian and writer

1179

• February 25 – Adelelm, English Lord High Treasurer
• April 22 – Humphrey II, constable and lord of Toron (b. 1117)^[94]
• June 18 – Erling Skakke, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1115)
• July 14 – Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff (b. 1089)
• July 27 – Mudzaffar Shah I, ruler of the Kedah Sultanate
• August 9 – Roger of Worcester, English bishop (b. 1118)
• August 20 – William le Gros (la Gras), English nobleman
• September 2 – Taira no Shigemori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1138)
• September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess (b. 1098)
• October 9 – Odo de St. Amand, French Grand Master (b. 1110)
• October 18 – Chŏng Chung-bu, Korean military leader (b. 1106)
• December 25 – Roger de Bailleul, French monk and abbot
• Fujiwara no Atsuyori (or Dōin), Japanese waka poet (b. 1090)
• Guihomar IV (or Guidomar), Breton nobleman (b. 1130)
• Reginald de Warenne (or Rainald), Norman nobleman
• Urraca of Castile (Alfonso), queen of Navarre (b. 1133)