1915 (MCMXV ) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar , the 1915th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 915th year of the 2nd millennium , the 15th year of the 20th century , and the 6th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1915, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January 1 : HMS Formidable , sunk by a German U-boat .
January
January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".[1]
January 1
January 5 – Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of 11,690 feet (3,560 m) , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
January 12
January 17 – WWI: Caucasus Campaign – Battle of Sarikamish : Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
January 18 – Twenty-One Demands from Japan to China are made.
January 19
January 21 – Kiwanis is founded in Detroit , Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
January 23 – Chilembwe uprising : Baptist minister John Chilembwe initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi ).
January 24 – WWI: Battle of Dogger Bank : The British Grand Fleet defeats the German High Seas Fleet , sinking the armoured cruiser SMS Blücher .[2]
January 25 – The first United States coast-to-coast long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant Thomas A. Watson , in San Francisco, California.
January 26
January 27 – WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois , established earlier in the month by British volunteers.
January 28 – An act of the United States Congress designates the United States Coast Guard , began in 1790 , as a military branch.
January 31 – WWI: Battle of Bolimów – Germany 's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs, when 18,000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas are fired on the Imperial Russian Army , on the Rawka River west of Warsaw ; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.[3]
January 28 : United States Coast Guard military branch
July
July
July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare , German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear .
July 7
July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of German South West Africa , surrenders to General Louis Botha , between Otavi and Tsumeb .
July 11 – WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser SMS Königsberg (1905) is forced to scuttle in the Rufiji River , German East Africa (present-day Tanzania ).
July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed.[12]
July 22 – WWI: The "Great Retreat " is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them.
July 24 – Steamer Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.
September
September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland .
September 6 – The prototype military tank is first tested by the British Army .
September 7 – Cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
September 8 – WWI: A Zeppelin raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road , London; it is rebuilt in 1917 , and called The Zeppelin Building.
September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia , using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania .
September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey .
September 25 –October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the French town of Loos , but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I , and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army ) units.
September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with ground-to-air fire.
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January
Fernando Lamas
Santiago Carrillo
Joachim Peiper
January 1
January 3 – Mady Rahl , German stage, film actress (d. 2009 )
January 4 – Adolf Opálka , Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942 )
January 5 – Humberto Teixeira , Brazilian flautist (d. 1979 )
January 6 – Alan Watts , British philosopher (d. 1973 )[23]
January 7
January 9 – Anita Louise , American actress (d. 1970 )
January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne , British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955 )
January 16 – Susan Ahn Cuddy , United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015 )
January 17 – Sammy Angott , American boxer (d. 1980 )
January 18 – Santiago Carrillo , Spanish politician (d. 2012 )
January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan , Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006 )
January 23
January 24 – Robert Motherwell , American painter (d. 1991 )[24]
January 25 – Ewan MacColl , English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989 )[25]
January 29
January 30
January 31 – Thomas Merton , American monk, author (d. 1968 )
February
Robert Hofstadter
Teoctist Arăpașu
Tikka Khan of the Pakistan Army , known as the Victor of the Rann of Kutch
Lorne Greene
Ann Sheridan
Paul Tibbets
February 1
February 2
February 4
February 5 – Robert Hofstadter , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990 )
February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska , Polish actress (d. 2017 )
February 7
February 10 – Tikka Khan , Pakistan Army General, WWII Veteran and a War Hero of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (d. 2002 )
February 10 – Karl Winsch , American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001 )
February 11
February 12
February 13 – Aung San , Burmese national leader (d. 1947 )
February 16
February 19
February 20 – Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017 )
February 21
February 23
February 25 – S. Rajaratnam , 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006 )
February 27 – Dick Crockett , American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979 )
February 28
March
László Csatáry
Jacques Chaban-Delmas
March 1 – Elizabeth Peet McIntosh , American spy (d. 2015 )
March 4
March 5 – Sydney Sturgess , British-Canadian actress (d. 1999 )
March 6
March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas , French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000 )
March 8 – Drue Heinz , American literary publisher (d. 2018 )
March 9 – John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson , English pilot (d. 2001 )
March 11 – Vijay Hazare , Indian cricketer (d. 2004 )
March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske , American cultural historian (d. 2015 )
March 17 – Bill Roycroft , Australian equestrian (d. 2011 )
March 19 – Patricia Morison , American actress (d. 2018 )
March 20
March 23
March 27 – Robert Lockwood Jr. , American musician (d. 2006 )
March 28 – Jeremy Hutchinson , British lawyer, peer (d. 2017 )
March 30
March 31 – Albert Hourani , English historian (d. 1993 )
April
Piet de Jong
Billie Holiday
Harry Morgan
Anthony Quinn
April 1 – O. W. Fischer , Austrian actor (d. 2004 )
April 3
April 4 – Dorothy Fay , American actress (d. 2003 )
April 6
April 7
April 8 – Ivan Supek , Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007 )
April 10
April 12
April 19 – Vonda Phelps , American actress (d. 2004 )
April 20
April 21 – Anthony Quinn , Mexican actor (d. 2001 )
April 24 – Sam Burston , Australian farmer (d. 2015 )
April 29 – Donald Mills , lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999 )
April 30 – Elio Toaff , Italian rabbi (d. 2015 )
July
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
July 1
July 3
July 4 – Timmie Rogers , American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006 )
July 5
July 6 – Javare Gowda , Indian language author (d. 2016 )
July 7
July 8
July 9
July 10 – Kevin Barrett , Australian rules footballer (d. 1984 )
July 11 – Leonard Goodwin , British protozoologist (d. 2008 )
July 12
July 13
Tex Hill , Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007 )
Paul Williams , African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002 )
July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz , Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012 )
July 15
July 16 – Elaine Barrie , American actress (d. 2003 )
July 17 – Fred Ball , American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007 )
July 18
July 19
July 20
July 24 – Enrique Fernando , Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004 )
July 25
July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois , Indian yogi (d. 2009 )
July 28
July 30
August
Ingrid Bergman
Princess Lilian
August 2
August 3
August 4 – William Keene , American actor (d. 1992 )
August 8
August 9 – George W. BonDurant , American preacher (d. 2017 )
August 12
August 14
August 16 – Herbert Greenwald , American real estate developer (d. 1959 )
August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah , 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992 )
August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr. , American film screenwriter (d. 2000 )[43]
August 20 – Ivo Rojnica , Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (d. 2007 )[44]
August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman , British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995 )
August 24
August 25 – Walter Trampler , American violist (d. 1997 )
August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011 )
August 28
August 29 – Ingrid Bergman , Swedish actress (d. 1982 )
August 30
August 31 – Víctor Pey , Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018 )
September
Franz Josef Strauss
September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe , American actor (d. 2010 )
September 3
September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss , German politician (d. 1988 )
September 7 – Richard E. Cole , American air force officer (d. 2019 )
September 8 – Frank Cady , American actor (d. 2012 )
September 9 – Richard Webb , American actor (d. 1993 )
September 10
September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri , 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978 )
September 14
September 15
September 16 – Eddie Filgate , Irish politician (d. 2017 )
September 17 – M. F. Husain , Indian artist (d. 2011 )[45]
September 19 – Germán Valdés , Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973 )
September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid , Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003 )
September 22 – Bernardino Piñera , Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020 )
September 23
September 24 – Joseph Montoya , American politician (d. 1978 )
September 27 – Ira Colitz , American politician (d. 1998 )
September 28 – Kay Mander , British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013 )
September 29
September 30
October
Arthur Miller
Yitzhak Shamir
October 1
October 2 – Chuck Williams , American businessman (d. 2015 )
October 6 – Neus Català , Spanish political activist (d. 2019 )
October 7 – Walter Keane , American plagiarist (d. 2000 )
October 11 – T. Llew Jones , Welsh author, poet (d. 2009 )
October 12
October 13 – Frederick Rosier , British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998 )
October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla , Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016 )
October 17
October 18 – Thomas Round , English opera singer, actor (d. 2016 )
October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol , Dutch prelate (d. 2016 )
October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky , Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017 )
October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir , Israeli politician (d. 2012 )
October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon , South Korean general (d. 2007 )
October 24 – Bob Kane , American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998 )[47]
October 27 – Harry Saltzman , Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994 )
October 28 – Dody Goodman , American actress, dancer (d. 2008 )
October 29 – William Berenberg , American physician (d. 2005 )
November
Sargent Shriver
November 1
November 2 – Kay Armen , American Armenian singer (d. 2011 )
November 4
November 7
November 8 – Richard Luyt , 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994 )
November 9 – Sargent Shriver , American politician (d. 2011 )
November 11
November 12 – Roland Barthes , French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980 )[48]
November 13 – Carla Marangoni , Italian gymnast (d. 2018 )
November 17 – Albert Malbois , French prelate (d. 2017 )
November 18 – James Whittico Jr. , American physician (d. 2018 )
November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. , American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974 )
November 20 – Bill Daniel , American politician (d. 2006 )
November 23
November 25
November 29
November 30
December
Frank Sinatra
Curd Juergens
December 2
December 5 – Ren Xinmin , Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017 )
December 6 – Alan Sayers , New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017 )
December 7 – Eli Wallach , American actor (d. 2014 )
December 8 – Ernest Lehman , American screenwriter (d. 2005 )
December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , German-born soprano (d. 2006 )
December 12
December 13
December 14 – Dan Dailey , American actor, dancer (d. 1978 )
December 15
December 17 – Robert A. Dahl , American political scientist (d. 2014 )
December 18 – Bill Zuckert , American actor (d. 1997 )
December 19
December 21 – Werner von Trapp , member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007 )
December 22 – Barbara Billingsley , American actress (d. 2010 )
December 27
December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero , Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017 )
July
Porfirio Diaz
Paul Ehrlich
Alois Alzheimer
Charles Tupper
July 2 – Porfirio Díaz , 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830 )[53]
July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave , Australian engineer (b. 1850 )
July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner , American physician (b. 1859 )
July 16 – Ellen G. White , American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church , most translated American author (b. 1827 )
July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley , American politician (b. 1826 )
July 22 – Sir Sandford Fleming , Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827 )
July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau , American-born French socialite, model for the painting Portrait of Madame X (b. 1859 )
July 30 – Charles Becker , American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870 )
October
October 4
October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl , Austrian physicist (b. 1874 )[55]
October 10 – Albert Cashier , born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843 )
October 12 – Edith Cavell , British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865 )
October 13 – Charles Sorley , British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895 )
October 15 – Theodor Boveri , German biologist (b. 1862 )
October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková , Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868 )
October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband , German philosopher (b. 1848 )
October 23 – W. G. Grace , English cricketer (b. 1848 )
October 26 – August Bungert , German composer, poet (b. 1845 )
October 30 – Sir Charles Tupper , 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821 )
October 31 – Blanche Walsh , American actress (b. 1873 )[56]
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 75 :205–10.
Haddelsey, Stephen (2008). Ice Captain . Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-0-7509-4348-2 .
Walker, Christopher J. "The End of Armenian Taron and Baghesh, 1914-1916". Armenian Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush . pp. 191–206.
Simon, Hyacinthe (1991). Mardine la ville héroïque . Jounieh-Lebanon: Maison Naaman pour la culture.
Gilbert, Martin (2009). A History of the Twentieth Century . New York: Avon Books. p. 357.
Shackleton, Ernest (1983). South . London: Century Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 0-7126-0111-2 .
Einstein, Albert (November 25, 1915). "Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation" . Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin : 844–847. Archived from the original on July 25, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .
Parker, Bernard S. (2007). World War I Sheet Music . Vol. 1. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-7864-2799-4 .
Brozović, Dalibor (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija (in Croatian). Vol. 1. Zagreb, Croatia: Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 400. ISBN 978-9-53603-629-5 .
Ede, H.S. (1931). Savage Messiah . London: Heinemann. OCLC 1655358 .
Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918 (1972) pp 43–108. Primary sources and year books
New International Year Book 1915 , Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
Hazell's Annual for 1916 (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640pp online ; worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain