Mumbai
Capital of Maharashtra, India / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mumbai (/mʊmˈbaɪ/ i, Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; also known as Bombay[lower-alpha 1] — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the de facto financial centre and the most populous city of India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million (1.25 crore).[19] Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore) living under the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.[20] Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city.[21][22]
Mumbai
Bombay | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s): | |
 Interactive Map Outlining Mumbai | |
  Mumbai Location in Mumbai Show map of Mumbai Mumbai Location in Maharashtra Show map of Maharashtra Mumbai Location in India Show map of India | |
| Coordinates: 19°04′34″N 72°52′39″E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Division | Konkan |
| District | Mumbai City Mumbai Suburban |
| First settled | 1507[4] |
| Named for | Mumbadevi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Vacant[5][6] |
| • Administrator | I. S. Chahal, IAS[7] |
| Area | |
| • Megacity | 603.4 km2 (233.0 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 6,328 km2 (1,681.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2011)[9] | |
| • Megacity | 12,478,447 |
| • Rank | 1st |
| • Density | 21,000/km2 (54,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 18,414,288 20,748,395 (Extended UA) |
| Demonym(s) | Mumbaikar, Bombayite, Mumbaiite[11] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PINs | 400 001 to 400 107 |
| Area code | +91-22 |
| Vehicle registration |
|
| GDP (PPP) | $400 billion[13][14][15] |
| HDI |  0.841[16] – very high |
| International airport | Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport |
| Rapid Transit | Mumbai Metro and Mumbai Monorail |
| Official language | Marathi[17][18] |
| Website | mumbaicity |
| Official name | Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iii, iv |
| Designated | 1987, 2004, 2018 (11th, 28th 42nd sessions) |
| Reference no. | ; |
| Region | Southern Asia |
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The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of Marathi language-speaking Koli people.[23][24][25] For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661, through the dowry of Catherine Braganza when she was married off to Charles II of England.[26] Beginning in 1782, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project,[27] which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea.[28] Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Mumbai into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Mumbai in the 19th century was characterized by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Mumbai as the capital.[29]
Mumbai is the financial, commercial,[30] and the entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[31] generating 6.16% of India's GDP,[32] and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust, Dharamtar Port and JNPT),[33] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.[34][35] The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India.