Kara-Khanid Khanate
Turkic state in Central Asia from 840 to 1212 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Kara-Khanid Khanate (Persian: قراخانیان, romanized: Qarākhāniyān; Chinese: 喀喇汗國; pinyin: Kālā Hánguó), also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids[8] or the Afrasiabids (Persian: آل افراسیاب, romanized: Āl-i Afrāsiyāb, lit. 'House of Afrasiab'), was a Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia in the 9th through the early 13th century. The dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek Khanids refer to royal titles with Kara Khagan being the most important Turkic title up until the end of the dynasty.[9]
Kara-Khanid Khanate | |||||||||||||||||||
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| 840–1212 | |||||||||||||||||||
Territory of the Kara Khanid Khanate, c. 1000.[1] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Status |
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| Capital | |||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages |
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| Religion | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy (diarchy) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Khagan | |||||||||||||||||||
• 840–893 (first) | Bilge Kul Qadir Khan | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1204–1212 (last) | Uthman Ulugh-Sultan | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hajib (chancellor) | |||||||||||||||||||
• 11th century | Yūsuf Balasaguni | ||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 840 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1212 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Khanate conquered Transoxiana in Central Asia and ruled it independently between 999 and 1089. After that, they ruled as vassals of the Seljuqs until the Battle of Qatwan in 1141, and then as vassals of the Qara Khitais until 1211.[10][11] Their arrival in Transoxiana signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia,[12] yet the Kara-khanids gradually assimilated the Perso-Arab Muslim culture, while retaining some of their native Turkic culture.[7]
The capitals of the Kara-Khanid Khanate included Kashgar, Balasagun, Uzgen and Samarkand. In the 1040s, the Khanate split into the Eastern and Western Khanates. In the late 11th century, they came under the suzerainty of the Seljuk Empire, followed by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) in the mid-12th century. The Eastern Khanate ended in 1211, and the Western Khanate was extinguished by the Khwarazmian Empire in 1213.
The history of the Kara-Khanid Khanate is reconstructed from fragmentary and often contradictory written sources, as well as studies on their coinage.[2]