Kingdom of Bohemia

The Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: České království),[lower-alpha 1] sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom,[9][10][lower-alpha 1] was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic. It was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia proper itself, also ruled other lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria.

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Kingdom of Bohemia České království (Czech) Königreich Böhmen (German) Regnum Bohemiae (Latin)
1198–1918
Top: Medieval royal banner Bottom: Late state flag and royal standard Royal coat of arms of Bohemia as a possession of Austria-Hungary (1890)[2]
Anthem: Officially none De facto anthems: Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Svatováclavský chorál
Medieval, royal shield of the King of Bohemia as imperial Elector and Arch-Cupbearer:[3][4]
The Kingdom of Bohemia (dark red) with other Bohemian Crown lands (light red) within the Holy Roman Empire (1618)
The Kingdom of Bohemia (red) within Austria-Hungary (1914)
Status	State of the Holy Roman Empire (1198–1806) Crown land of the Bohemian Crown (1348–1918) Imperial elector (1356–1806) Crown land of the Habsburg monarchy (1526–1804), of the Austrian Empire (1804–1867), and of the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
Capital	Prague
Common languages	Czech, Latin, German
Religion	Roman Catholicism (official)[5] Hussitism, later Bohemian Reformed (Utraquism, Brethren) Lutheranism Judaism (Jews) Calvinism Waldensianism Neo-Adamitism
Government	Feudal monarchy Absolute monarchy Parliamentary monarchy
King
• 1198–1230	Ottokar I (first)
• 1916–1918	Charles III (last)
History
• Kingdom established	1198
• Hereditary royal title confirmed	26 September 1212
• Inauguration of the Luxembourg dynasty	December 1310
• Became main part of the Crown of Bohemia	7 April 1348
• King confirmed Elector	25 December 1356
• King Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor	16 December 1526
• Renewed Land Ordinance imposed hereditary Habsburg succession to throne	10 May 1627
• Crown of Bohemia de facto dissolved	1 May 1749
• Dissolution of Austria-Hungary	31 October 1918
Population
• Around 1400[6][7]	Approximately 2 million
Currency	Denarius[8] Bracteate Groschen Thaler Kreutzer Florin Crown
Preceded by Succeeded by Duchy of Bohemia Duchy of Wrocław Duchy of Jawor Duchy of Brzeg Egerland Czechoslovak Republic
Today part of	Czech Republic Germany Poland

The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century from the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Holy Roman Emperors, and the capital, Prague, was the imperial seat in the late 14th century, and again at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries.

After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the territory became part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Bohemia retained its name and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia until 1918, known as a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and its capital Prague was one of the empire's leading cities. The Czech language (called the Bohemian language in English usage until the 19th century)[11] was the main language of the Diet and the nobility until 1627 (after the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed). German was then formally made equal with Czech and eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet until the Czech National Revival in the 19th century. German was also widely used as the language of administration in many towns after the Germans immigrated and populated some areas of the country in the 13th century. The royal court used the Czech, Latin, and German languages, depending on the ruler and period.

Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, both the Kingdom and Empire were dissolved. Bohemia became the core part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic.