Tripura
State in northeastern India / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tripura (/ˈtrɪpʊrə, -ərə/, Bengali:[ˈtri̯puraˈ] )[10] is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi); and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 36.71 lakh (3.67 million).[11] It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the east and by Bangladesh to the north, south and west.[12] Tripura is divided into 8 districts and 23 sub-divisions, where Agartala is the capital and the largest city in the state. Tripura has 19 different tribal communities[13] with a majority Bengali population. Bengali, English and Kokborok are the state's official languages.[7]
Tripura | |
|---|---|
   (clockwise from top) Ujjayanta Palace; Tripura Sundari Temple; Neermahal palace; rock-cut sculptures at Unakoti | |
| Etymology: Land near water | |
| Nickname: "Hill Tipperah" | |
| Motto(s): Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
 Location of Tripura in India | |
| Coordinates: 23.84°N 91.28°E / 23.84; 91.28 | |
| Country |  India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| Before was | Princely state of Tripura |
| Admission to union | 15 October 1949[1] |
| As union territory | 1 November 1956 |
| Formation (as a state) | 21 January 1972 |
| Capital and largest city | Agartala |
| Districts | 8 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Tripura |
| • Governor | Satyadev Narayan Arya[2] |
| • Chief minister | Manik Saha (BJP) |
| • Chief secretary | J.K Sinha[3] |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Tripura Legislative Assembly (60 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 1 seat |
| • Lok Sabha | 2 seats |
| High Court | Tripura High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 28th |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 178 km (111 mi) |
| • Width | 131 km (81 mi) |
| Elevation | 780 m (2,560 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 3,051 m (10,010 ft) |
| Lowest elevation (Western Part) | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (2023)[6] | |
| • Total |  4,147,000 |
| • Rank | 23rd |
| • Urban | 39.19% |
| • Rural | 60.81% |
| Demonym | Tripuran |
| Language | |
| • Official | [7] |
| • Official script | |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2020–2021) |  ₹0.589 lakh crore (US$7.4 billion) |
| • Rank | 24th |
| • Per capita | ₹140,694 (US$1,800) (21st) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-TR |
| Vehicle registration | TR |
| HDI (2022) | 0.667 medium[8] (25th) |
| Literacy (2013) | 94.65%[9] (1st) |
| Sex ratio (2023) | 967♀/1000 ♂ (2nd) |
| Website | tripura |
| Symbols of Tripura | |
 | |
| Foundation day | Tripura Day |
| Bird | Green imperial pigeon |
| Fish | Pabda |
| Flower | Indian rose chestnut |
| Fruit | Queen pineapple |
| Mammal | Phayre's leaf monkey |
| Tree | Agarwood |
| State highway mark | |
 | |
| State highway of Tripura | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
| †It was elevated from the status of Union territory by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971 | |
The area of modern Tripura — ruled for several centuries by the Manikya Dynasty — was part of the Tripuri Kingdom (also known as Hill Tippera). It became a princely state under the British Raj during its tenure, and acceded to independent India in 1947. It merged with India in 1949 and was designated as a 'Part C State' (union territory).[14] It became a full-fledged state of India in 1972.
Tripura lies in a geographically isolated location in India, as only one major highway, National Highway 8, connects it with the rest of the country. Five mountain ranges — Hathai Kotor, Atharamura, Longtharai, Shakhan and Jampui Hills — run north to south, with intervening valleys; Agartala, the capital, is located on a plain to the west. The state has a tropical savanna climate, and receives seasonal heavy rains from the south west monsoon.
Forests cover more than half of the area, in which bamboo and cane tracts are common. Tripura has the highest number of primate species found in any Indian state. Due to its geographical isolation, economic progress in the state is hindered. Poverty and unemployment continue to plague Tripura, which has a limited infrastructure. Most residents are involved in agriculture and allied activities, although the service sector is the largest contributor to the state's gross domestic product.
According to the 2011 census, Tripura is one of the most literate states in India, with a literacy rate of 87.75%. Mainstream Indian cultural elements coexist with traditional practices of the ethnic groups, such as various dances to celebrate religious occasions, weddings and festivities; the use of locally crafted musical instruments and clothes; and the worship of regional deities. The sculptures at the archaeological sites Unakoti, Pilak and Devtamura provide historical evidence of artistic fusion between organised and indigenous religions.