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Two-round system
Voting system / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), also called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality (as originally termed in French[1]), is a voting method used to elect a single winner. In the United States, it is often called a jungle or nonpartisan primary. It is sometimes called plurality runoff,[2] although this term can also be used for other systems.
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In a two-round system, both rounds are held using choose-one voting, where the voter marks their favorite candidate. The two candidates with the most votes in the first round proceed to a second round, where all other candidates are excluded.[note 1] It is closely related to exhaustive ballot and ranked-choice voting (which tend to produce similar results).
The two-round system first emerged in France, and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide.[3][1] The two-round system is widely used in the election of legislative bodies and directly elected presidents.
In the United States, the system is used to elect most public officials from Mississippi, Georgia, Louisiana, California, and Washington. Although it is hoped that two rounds will elect more moderate candidates and encourage independents to vote, the combination of a two-party system with partisan primaries used in the rest of the country can produce similar results,[4][5] and has even been described as an "unusual two-round system".[6][7]
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