Ukrainian language
East Slavic language / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ukrainian (українська мова, ukrainska mova, IPA: [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐ ˈmɔʋɐ]) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the native language of Ukrainians.
| Ukrainian | |
|---|---|
| українська мова | |
| Pronunciation | [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐ ˈmɔʋɐ] |
| Native to | Ukraine |
| Region | Eastern Europe |
| Ethnicity | Ukrainians |
Native speakers | 27 million (2016)[1] L2: 5.8 million (2016) |
Early forms | Proto-Indo-European
|
| Dialects |
|
| Cyrillic (Ukrainian alphabet) Ukrainian Braille | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Ukraine Republic of Crimea[note 1] Transnistria[note 2] |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Institute for the Ukrainian Language, Ukrainian language-information fund, Potebnya Institute of Language Studies |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | uk |
| ISO 639-2 | ukr |
| ISO 639-3 | ukr |
| Glottolog | ukra1253 Ukrainian |
| Linguasphere | 53-AAA-ed < 53-AAA-e |
 The Ukrainian-speaking world:
regions where Ukrainian is the language of the majority regions where Ukrainian is the language of a significant minority | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of the Cyrillic script. The standard Ukrainian language is regulated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NANU; particularly by its Institute for the Ukrainian Language), the Ukrainian language-information fund,[citation needed] and Potebnia Institute of Linguistics. Comparisons are often drawn to Russian, another East Slavic language, but there is more mutual intelligibility with Belarusian.[8][9] Additionally, spoken Ukrainian has partial intelligibility with Polish.[10]
Ukrainian is a descendant of Old East Slavic, a language spoken in the medieval state of Kievan Rus'. In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the language developed into Ruthenian, where it became an official language,[11] before a process of Polonization began in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. By the 18th century, Ruthenian diverged into regional variants and the modern Ukrainian language developed in the territory of present-day Ukraine.[12][13][14] Russification saw the Ukrainian language banned as a subject from schools and as a language of instruction in the Russian Empire, and continued in various ways in the Soviet Union.[15] However, the language continued to see use throughout the country, and remained particularly strong in Western Ukraine.[16][17]