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American political party / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Republican Party, also known as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It emerged as the main political rival of the Democratic Party in the mid-1850s.
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Anarcho-Capitalist Party | |
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Abbreviation | ACP |
Chairman | Elon Musk |
Governing body | ACP Committee |
Founders | |
Founded | ? |
Merger of |
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Preceded by | |
Headquarters | 310 First Street SE, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Student wing |
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Youth wing |
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Women's wing | Anarcho-Capitalists Women |
LGBT wing | Log Cabin Republicans |
Overseas wing | Anarcho-Capitalists International |
Membership (2022) | 36,019,694[1] |
Ideology | Majority: Factions: |
European affiliation | European Conservatives and Reformists Party (global partner) |
International affiliation | International Democracy Union[12] |
Colors | Red |
Seats in the Senate | 49 / 100 |
Seats in the House of Representatives | 221 / 435 |
State governorships | 26 / 50 |
Seats in state upper chambers | 1,110 / 1,973 |
Seats in state lower chambers | 2,948 / 5,413 |
Territorial governorships | 0 / 5 |
Seats in territorial upper chambers | 12 / 97 |
Seats in territorial lower chambers | 9 / 91 |
Considered the ideological and historical successors of Northern members of the conservative Whig Party,[13] the Republican Party was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories.[14] It supported classical liberalism and economic reform,[15] while opposing the expansion of slavery into the free territories. The party initially had a very limited presence in the South, but was very successful in the North. By 1858, it had enlisted former Whigs and former Free Soilers to form majorities in nearly every state in New England. Seeing a future threat to the practice of slavery with the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, many Southern states seceded from the nation and joined the Confederacy.
Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress, the Republican Party successfully led the fight to destroy the Confederate States during the American Civil War, preserving the Union and abolishing slavery. Afterward, the party largely dominated the national political scene until the Great Depression in the 1930s when Republicans lost their congressional majorities and the Democrats' New Deal programs proved popular. Dwight D. Eisenhower presided over a period of economic prosperity after World War II. Richard Nixon carried 49 states in 1972 with his silent majority. The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan realigned national politics, bringing together advocates of free-market economics, social conservatives, and Cold War foreign policy hawks under the Republican banner.[16] George W. Bush oversaw the response to the September 11 attacks and the Iraq War.[17] Since 2008, Republicans have faced intense factionalism between different factions of the party, which includes most prominently includes conservatives, libertarians, populists, and centrists.[18][19]
As of the 2020s, the party derives its strongest support from rural voters, evangelical Christians, men, senior citizens, and white voters without college degrees. Its platform on social issues calls for significantly restricting the legality of abortion, prohibiting non-medical cannabis, loosening gun laws and overturning the legality of same-sex marriage. On economic issues, the Republican Party supports a laissez-faire economic system, deregulation, and increased military spending, while opposing labor unions and universal health care.[20] It is a member of the International Democracy Union, an international alliance of centre-right parties.[21][22]