1160s

The 1160s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169.

1160

This section is transcluded from 1160. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Spring – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos sends an embassy led by John Kontostephanos to Jerusalem, to ask King Baldwin III to nominate one of the princesses of the Crusader states, as a bride for the widowed emperor. Their two candidates are 15-year-old Maria of Antioch, and Melisende of Tripoli. Baldwin suggests Melisende, and her brother Count Raymond III sets about gathering an enormous dowry. The ambassadors are not satisfied, and delay the marriage for over a year. They hear rumours about Melisende's birth, based on her mother's (Countess Hodierna of Jerusalem) infidelity, and therefore Melisende's possible illegitimacy.^[1] In the end, the Emperor marries Maria in 1161 and Melisende eventually enters a convent.

Europe

• January 25 – Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, captures Crema, Lombardy after a 6-month siege, as part of his campaign against the independent Italian city-states. Some 20,000 survivors are allowed to leave the city with whatever they could carry before Crema is looted and burnt to the ground.^[2] The expense of the siege (over 2,000 silver marks) and Frederick's determination to enforce it over the winter, demonstrates his ability to hold troops in the field and to keep his allies on side.^[3]
• May 18 – Erik IX Jedvardsson of Sweden is murdered, after which his murderer Magnus Henriksen proclaims himself king of Sweden as Magnus II. He is murdered in turn the following year, however. Erik is soon worshipped as a saint. Though never formally canonized by Pope Alexander III, he eventually becomes the patron saint of Sweden.
• November 2 – Betrothal of 5-year-old Henry the Young King of England and 2-year-old Marguerite, daughter of Louis VII of France; she brings Norman Vexin to the English crown as a dowry.^[4]
• November 13 – Within weeks of the death of his second wife, Queen Constance of Castile, King Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne, daughter of Count Theobald II ("the Great").
• A plot of land at Miholjanec is donated to the Knights Templar, who build a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This is the earliest historical mention of the Templars in Croatia and Hungary.^[5]
• Spital am Semmering (modern Austria) is founded by Margrave Ottokar III. He erects a hospital and completes the colonization of the area around the Traisen and Gölsen rivers.
• A large Portuguese offensive begins in the Alentejo region, against the Almoravids.^[6] The city of Tomar is founded by Gualdim Pais, Grand Master of the Knights Templar.
• The island of Lundy is granted to the Knights Templar by Henry II of England.

Levant

• Autumn – Raynald of Châtillon, prince of Antioch, makes a plundering raid in the valley of the Euphrates at Marash to seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed, captured and sent to Aleppo where he is put in jail.^[1]

Africa

• The Almohads conquer Mahdia (modern Tunisia) from the Normans after an important naval success near the city, against Christian reinforcements coming from Sicily.^[7]
• Approximate date – A commercial treaty between the Almohad Caliphate and the Republic of Pisa opens the North African ports to Tuscan merchants.

Asia

• In Japan, the Heiji Rebellion began with the siege of the Sanjō Palace.^[8]
• Emperor Dharanindravarman II dies and is succeeded by his cousin Yasovarman II as ruler of the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia). Dharanindravarman's son Jayavarman VII goes into exile in neighboring Champa.

By topic

Education

• Approximate date – Derby School is founded by Walkelin de Derby in Derby (England); it will survive until 1989.

Significant people

• Al-Mustanjid caliph of Baghdad
• Pope Alexander III
• Al-Adid last Fatimid caliph

Births

Transcluding articles: 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, and 1169

1160

• October 4 – Alys of France, daughter of Louis VII (d. 1220)
• December 3 – Conrad of Querfurt, German bishop (d. 1202)
• Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Almohad caliph (d. 1199)
• Adolf III, count of Schaumburg and Holstein (d. 1225)
• Alice of Courtenay, French noblewoman (d. 1218)
• Ali ibn al-Athir, Arab historian and biographer (d. 1233)
• Azriel of Gerona, Catalan Jewish leader (d. 1238)
• Beatrice of Viennois, countess of Savoy (d. 1230)
• Bertold V, German nobleman (House of Zähringen) (d. 1218)
• Cadenet, French poet and troubadour (approximate date)
• David Kimhi, French rabbi and grammarian (d. 1235)
• Dulce of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1198)
• Eschiva of Ibelin, queen of Cyprus (d. 1196)
• Eudokia Komnene, French noblewoman (d. 1203)
• Hartmann I, count of Württemberg (d. 1240)
• Isaac the Blind, French rabbi and writer (d. 1235)
• John of Hexham, English chronicler (d. 1209)
• John of Matha, French priest and saint (d. 1213)
• Konoe Motomichi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1233)
• Ma Yuan, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1225)
• Mestwin I, duke of Pomerania (approximate date)
• Parisius (or Parisio), Italian priest and saint (d. 1267)
• Philip the Chancellor, French theologian (d. 1236)
• Rudolph I, count palatine of Tübingen (d. 1219)
• Sasaki Takatsuna, Japanese samurai (d. 1214)
• Sibylla (or Sibylle), queen of Jerusalem (d. 1190)
• Siraj al-Din al-Sakaki, Persian scholar (d. 1229)
• Taira no Koremori, Japanese general (d. 1184)
• Taira no Noritsune, Japanese nobleman (d. 1185)
• Tamar the Great, queen of Georgia (approximate date)
• Vladislaus III, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)

1161

• February 22 – Innocent III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1216)
• September 20 – Takakura, emperor of Japan (d. 1181)
• Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, Spanish nobleman (d. 1230)
• Baldwin IV ("the Leper"), king of Jerusalem (d. 1185)
• Beatrice of Albon, duchess of Burgundy (d. 1228)
• Belgutei, half-brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1271)
• Börte, wife of Genghis Khan (approximate date)
• Constance, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)
• Da'ud Abu al-Fadl, Ayyubid physician (d. 1242)
• Eleanor of England, queen of Castile (d. 1214)
• Guðmundur Arason, Icelandic bishop (d. 1237)
• Sancho, Count of Provence (or Sanche), Spanish nobleman (d. 1223)
• Sasaki Yoshikiyo, Japanese nobleman (d. 1242)
• Satō Tadanobu, Japanese samurai (d. 1186)
• Tsangpa Gyare, Tibetan Buddhist leader (d. 1211)

1162

• March 5 – Ogasawara Nagakiyo, Japanese warrior (d. 1242)
• March 11 – Theodoric I, margrave of Meissen (d. 1221)
• June 20 – Benchō, Japanese Buddhist patriarch (d. 1238)
• June 30 – Yang (or Gongsheng), Chinese empress (d. 1233)
• Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Abbasid traveler and writer (d. 1231)
• Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet and calligrapher (d. 1241)
• Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, ruler of the Ethiopian Empire (d. 1221)
• Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire (d. 1227)
• Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex (approximate date)
• Guillem de Cabestany, Spanish troubadour (d. 1212)
• Kajiwara Kagesue, Japanese nobleman (d. 1200)
• Renier of Montferrat, Byzantine politician (d. 1183)

1163

• August 19 – Ottokar IV of Styria (d. 1192)^[62][63]
• Isabella, Countess of Gloucester, queen consort of England (d. 1217) (approximate date)
• Ban Kulin, ruler of Bosnia (d. 1204)^[64]
• Canute VI of Denmark (d. 1202)^[65][66]
• Hōjō Yoshitoki, Kamakura regent (d. 1224)^[67][68][69]
• As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, ruler of Syria (d. 1181)^[70][71]
• Ibn al-Qabisi, Iraqi grammarian and poet (d. 1235)^[72]

1164

• July 16 – Frederick V, son of Frederick Barbarossa
• December 28 – Rokujō, emperor of Japan (d. 1176)
• Fulk of Pavia, Italian prelate and bishop (d. 1229)
• Hatakeyama Shigetada, Japanese samurai (d. 1205)
• Ibn Tumlus, Moorish scholar and physician (d. 1223)
• Isabel de Bolebec, English noblewoman (d. 1245)
• Shi Miyuan, Chinese official and politician (d. 1233)

1165

• July 28 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusian philosopher (d. 1240)^[73]
• August 21 – Philip II, king of France (d. 1223)
• October – Joan of England, queen consort of Sicily (d. 1199)
• November – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1197)^[74]
• Blacatz, French knight and troubadour (d. 1237)
• Jean de Montmirail, French nobleman and Cistercian monk (d. 1217)
• Philippe du Plessis, French Grand Master (d. 1209)
• Han (or Gogshu), Chinese empress (d. 1200)
• Lady Shizuka Gozen, Japanese court dancer (d. 1211)
• Theobald Walter, 1st Chief Butler of Ireland, Anglo-Norman High Sheriff (d. 1206)
• Approximate date
  • Albéric Clément, 1st Marshal of France (d. 1191)
  • Albert, German-born bishop of Riga (d. 1229)
  • Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (d. 1210)
  • Conrad III of Scharfenberg, German cleric and bishop (d. 1224)
  • Henry I ("the Brave"), duke of Brabant (d. 1235)
  • Henry the Bearded, High Duke of Poland (d. 1238)
  • Hermann von Salza, German nobleman, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d. 1239)
  • Renaud I, Count of Dammartin (Reginald of Boulogne), French nobleman (d. 1227)
  • Ruben II (or Roupen), Armenian prince (d. 1170)
  • Waleran III (or Walram), duke of Limburg (d. 1226)
  • William the Breton, French chronicler (d. 1225)

1166

• February 24 – Al-Mansur Abdallah, Zaidi imam (d. 1217)
• July 29 – Henry II, Count of Champagne (Henry I, King of Jerusalem) (d. 1197)
• December 24 – John, king of England (d. 1216)
• Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Andalusian Moorish pharmacist (d. 1239)
• Arnold of Altena, German nobleman (d. 1209)
• Ch'oe U, Korean general and dictator (d. 1249)
• Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon, French rabbi (b. 1224)
• Odo III (or Eudes), duke of Burgundy (d. 1218)
• Shunten (Shunten-Ō), Ryukyu ruler of Okinawa (d. 1237)
• Wansong Xingxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1246)
• Approximate date
  • Alan IV ("the Young"), viscount of Rohan, Morbihan (d. 1205)
  • Humphrey IV, lord of Toron
  • Philip d'Aubigny, Anglo-Norman knight and courtier (d. 1236)
  • William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey, English nobleman (d. 1240)

1167

• February – Frederick VI, duke of Swabia (d. 1191)
• Anders Sunesen, archbishop of Lund (d. 1228)
• Warin II (the Younger), Norman knight (d. 1218)
• William I, count of Holland (Low Countries) (d. 1222)

1168

• April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. 1242)
• August 31 – Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, Chinese ruler (d. 1208)
• November 19 – Emperor Ningzong, Chinese ruler (d. 1224)
• Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231)
• Robert of Braybrooke, English High Sheriff (d. 1210)
• Robert of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
• Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1246)
• William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)

1169

• September 10 – Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1183)
• Ahi Evren, Bektashi Sufi preacher and philosopher (d. 1261)
• Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus (d. 1225)
• Eustace de Vesci, English nobleman and military leader (d. 1216)
• Ibn al-Mustawfi, Ayyubid governor and historian (d. 1239)
• Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, Japanese nobleman (d. 1206)
• Muhammad II, Khwarezmid viceroy and ruler (d. 1220)
• Nasu no Yoichi, Japanese samurai (approximate date)
• Taira no Atsumori, Japanese samurai (d. 1184)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, and 1169

1160

• March 12 – Al-Muqtafi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1096)^[75]
• April 3 – William FitzAlan, Breton nobleman (b. 1105)
• April 27 – Rudolf I, count of Bregenz and Chur (b. 1081)
• May 18
  • Erik IX Jedvardsson ("the Holy"), king of Sweden (b. 1120)
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Arab politician and chronicler
• May 31 – Mechtildis of Edelstetten, German abbess
• July 23 – Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1149)
• October 4 – Constance of Castile, queen of France (b. 1141)
• December 17 – Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn, Irish poet (b. 1102)
• December 22 – Fujiwara no Nariko, Japanese empress (b. 1117)
• Dharanindravarman II, Cambodian ruler of the Khmer Empire
• Fujiwara no Michinori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1106)
• Fujiwara no Nobuyori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1133)
• Gonzalo Fernández de Traba, Galician nobleman
• Helena of Skövde, Swedish noblewoman and saint
• Herman III, Margrave of Baden ("the Great"), German nobleman (b. 1105)
• Herman of Carinthia, German astronomer (b. 1100)
• Hugh Candidus, English monk and historian (b. 1095)
• Ibn Quzman, Andalusian poet and writer (b. 1087)
• Mahsati, Persian female poet and writer (b. 1089)
• Minamoto no Tomonaga, Japanese samurai (b. 1144)
• Minamoto no Yoshihira, Japanese nobleman (b. 1140)
• Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (b. 1123)
• Niklot, Obotrite prince (House of Mecklenburg) (b. 1090)
• Peter Lombard, French bishop and theologian (b. 1096)
• Philip of France, French prince and archdeacon (b. 1132)
• Raymond du Puy, French knight and Grand Master (b. 1083)
• Robert I (Nostell), Norman churchman and prior (b. 1100)
• Sophie of Winzenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1105)

1161

• February 3 – Inge I ("the Hunchback"), king of Norway (b. 1135)
• April 18 – Theobald of Bec, archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1090)
• May 12 – Fergus of Galloway, Scottish nobleman
• June 14 – Qinzong, Chinese emperor (b. 1100)
• September 10 – Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, Fatimid vizier
• September 11 – Melisende, queen of Jerusalem (b. 1105)
• October 12 – Henry V, duke of Carinthia (House of Sponheim)
• October 28 – Imar of Tusculum, French abbot and bishop
• November 21 – William III, count of Nevers and Auxerre
• November 23 – Adam of Ebrach, German monk and abbot
• December 15 – Wanyan Liang, Chinese emperor (b. 1122)
• Akarius Fitz Bardolph, English nobleman and knight
• Hu Hong, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. 1105)
• Magnus Henriksson, king of Sweden (b. 1130)
• Rechung Dorje Drakpa, Tibetan Buddhist leader
• Roger IV, duke of Apulia and Calabria (b. 1152)

1162

• February 18 – Theotonius, Portuguese advisor (b. 1082)
• May 31 – Géza II, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1130)
• July 7 – Haakon II (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (b. 1147)
• July 29 – Guigues V, count of Albon and Grenoble (b. 1125)
• July 31 – Fujiwara no Tadazane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1078)
• August 6 – Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona (b. 1114)
• September 27 – Odo II, duke of Burgundy (b. 1118)
• Adalbert of Pomerania, German missionary and bishop
• Angharad ferch Owain, queen consort of Gwynedd (b. 1065)
• Odo of Deuil (or Eudes), French abbot and historian
• Henry Aristippus (or Henricus), Italian chancellor
• Hugh de Morville, Constable of Scotland, Norman nobleman and knight
• Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (b. 1094)
• Judith of Baden, German margravine
• Richard de Belmeis II, English bishop and politician
• Sylvester of Marsico, Norman nobleman (b. 1100)
• Tiantong Zongjue, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 1091)

1163

• January 14 – King Ladislaus II of Hungary (b. 1131)^[76][77][78]
• February 10 – King Baldwin III of Jerusalem (b. 1130)^[79][80][81]
• May – Abd al-Mu'min, founder of the Almohad Empire (b. 1094)^[82][83][84]
• August 10 – Dahui Zonggao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1089)^[85][86][87]
• date unknown – Constance of Antioch, ruler of Antioch (b. 1127) - or possibly early 1164^[88][89]

1164

• January 30 – William of Anjou, viscount of Dieppe (b. 1136)
• March 13 – Fujiwara no Tadamichi, Japanese regent (b. 1097)
• April 20 – Victor IV, antipope of Rome (b. 1095)^[90]
• May 16 – Héloïse, French scholar and abbess
• May 19 – Bashnouna, Egyptian monk and martyr
• June 18 – Elisabeth of Schönau, German abbess
• September 4 – Henry II, prince-bishop of Liège
• September 14 – Sutoku, emperor of Japan (b. 1119)
• November 11 – Hugh of Amiens, French archbishop
• December 23 – Hartmann of Brixen, German bishop (b. 1090)
• December 31 – Ottokar III, margrave of Styria (b. 1124)
• Herbert of Selkirk, Scottish bishop and chancellor
• Hodierna of Jerusalem, countess of Tripoli (b. 1110)
• Ortlieb of Zwiefalten, German Benedictine abbot
• Zhang Jun, Chinese grand chancellor (b. 1097)

1165

• January 24 – William of Ypres, Flemish nobleman (b. 1090)
• February 7 – Stephen of Armenia, Armenian nobleman (b. 1111)
• March 27 – Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra, Abbasid vizier (b. 1105)
• April 11
  • Ibn al-Tilmidh, Arab physician and calligrapher (b. 1074)
  • Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1133)
• July 22 – John Marshal (or FitzGilbert), Marshal of England (b. 1105)
• September 5 – Nijō, emperor of Japan (b. 1143)
• December 9 – Malcolm IV, king of Scotland (b. 1141)
• Adalgott of Disentis, German abbot and bishop
• Goswin of Anchin, Flemish Benedictine abbot (b. 1086)
• Gottfried of Admont, German Benedictine abbot
• Helias de Say (or Hellias), Anglo-Norman nobleman
• Muhammad al-Idrisi, Arab geographer (b. 1100)
• Rostislav Glebovich, Kievan prince of Minsk
• Sibylla of Anjou, countess consort of Flanders (b. 1112)

1166

• February 21 – Abdul Qadir Gilani, Persian preacher (b. 1078)
• April 9 – Waleran de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
• May 7 – William I ("the wicked"), king of Sicily (b. 1120)
• May 12 – Gunhilda of Dunbar, Scottish Noblewoman (b. 1120)
• August 23 – Konoe Motozane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1143)
• October 12 – Henry I, duke of Wiślica
• Ahmad Yasawi, Turkic Sufi religious leader (b. 1093)
• Athanasius VII bar Qatra, Syrian patriarch of Antioch
• Fujiwara no Motozane, Japanese waka poet (b. 1143)
• Gillamaire Ua Conallta, Irish poet and Chief Ollam
• Grigor III Pahlavuni, Armenian catholicos of Cilicia (b. 1093)
• Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland
• Rosalia, Norman-Sicilian noblewoman, hermit and saint (b. 1130)

1167

• January 12 – Aelred of Rievaulx, English abbot (b. 1110)
• February 27 – Robert of Melun, bishop of Hereford (b. 1100)
• April 12 – Charles VII (Sverkersson), king of Sweden (b. 1130)
• July 13 – Xia (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (b. 1136)
• August
  • Děpold I, Bohemian prince (epidemic)
  • Frederick IV, duke of Swabia (epidemic)
  • Henry I, count of Nassau (epidemic)
  • Henry II, duke of Limburg (epidemic)
• August 14 – Rainald of Dassel, German archbishop (b. 1120)
• August 17 – Nicolò Politi, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1117)
• August 22 – Relindis of Hohenburg, French abbess
• September 10 – Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1102)
• Abraham ibn Ezra, Spanish philosopher (approximate date)
• Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (b. 1090)
• Basava, Indian philosopher and statesman (b. 1105)
• Christian I (the Quarrelsome), count of Oldenburg
• Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (b. 1104)
• Hugh of Poitiers, French monk and chronicler
• Occo of Schleswig (or Ogge), Danish bishop
• Raymond I (or Raimond), French nobleman
• Rostislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1110)

1168

• January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b. 1099)
• March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Norman nobleman (b. 1122)
• April 5 – Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
• September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b. 1110)
• October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers
• November 5 – Hugh IX of Lusignan, French nobleman
• Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097)
• Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b. 1088)
• Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1115)
• Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b. 1103)

1169

• January 13 – Bertrand de Blanchefort, French Grand Master
• January 18 – Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto ruler
• February 4 – John of Ajello, Italian bishop of Catania
• February 6 – Thoros II ("the Great"), prince of Armenia
• March 23 – Shirkuh, Zangid general and chief vizier^[55]
• May 21 – Berthold of Zwiefalten, German abbot
• July 9 – Guido of Pisa, Italian geographer
• Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, Persian polymath
• Basil bar Shumna, archbishop of Edessa
• Bohemond II, Italian count of Manoppello
• Boleslaw, Swedish co-ruler of Östergötland
• Gerhoh of Reichersberg, German theologian
• Hilary of Chichester, English bishop (b. 1110)
• Hillin of Falmagne, German archbishop
• Luke Chrysoberges, Byzantine patriarch
• Mujir al-Din Abaq, governor of Damascus
• Otomae, Japanese female singer (b. 1085)
• Ramiro Fróilaz, Leonese military leader
• Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor