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2021 in paleoentomology

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This paleoentomology list records new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2021, as well as notes other significant paleoentomology discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

Clade Amphiesmenoptera

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Lepidoptera

New Lepidopteran taxa

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Lepidopteran research

  • The first known Cretaceous caterpillar armoured with spines is described from the Burmese amber by Haug & Haug (2021).[3]
  • Fossil leaf mine produced by a lyonetiid-like leaf-mining moth, representing the oldest record of such moths reported to date, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Kaiparowits Formation (Utah, United States) by Maccracken et al. (2021), who name a new ichnotaxon Leucopteropsa spiralae.[4]

Trichopterans

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Clade Antliophora

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Dipterans

New Dipteran taxa

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Dipteran research

  • Baranov et al. (2021) document a high diversity of fly larvae from the Eocene Baltic amber, preserving taxonomically, morphologically, and ecologically important characters, and evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the functional ecology of the Eocene fly larvae.[54]

Mecopterans

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Clade Archaeorthoptera

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†Caloneurodea

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†Cnemidolestodea

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Orthopterans

New Orthopteran taxa

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Orthopteran research

  • Revision of the fossil record of the family Trigonidiidae is published by Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2021).[74]

†Titanoptera

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Other archaeorthopterans

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Clade Coleopterida

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Coleoptera

Adephaga

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Archostemata

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Myxophaga

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Polyphaga

Bostrichiformia
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Cucujiformia
New Cucujiformian taxa
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Cucujiformia research
  • A piece of Burmese amber preserving the complete series of free-living stages (except of the last larval instar) of a Cretaceous parasitoid beetle Paleoripiphorus is described by Batelka, Engel & Prokop (2021).[148]
Elateriformia
New Elateriformian taxa
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Elateriformia research
  • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Archaeolus funestus is published by Li et al. (2021).[171]
  • A study on the morphological diversity of larvae of extant and fossil members of the family Brachypsectridae is published by Haug et al. (2021).[172]
Scarabaeiformia
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Staphyliniformia
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other Coleopteran research

  • A study on the evolution of beetles from the Early Permian to Middle Triassic, evaluating the impact of the Permian–Triassic extinction event on beetle diversity, is published by Zhao et al. (2021).[188]
  • Revision of Notocupes undatabdominus and N. ? multituberatus from the Lower Cretaceous of South China is published by Li, Huang & Cai (2021), who argue that both species do not belong to the genus Notocupes, transfer N. ? multituberatus to the genus Lasiosyne, and consider "N." undatabdominus to be likely a member of the family Artematopodidae.[189]
  • The oldest solid wood-borer larvae reported to date (belonging to the families Buprestidae and possibly Cerambycidae) are described from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar by Haug et al. (2021).[190]
  • Mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA of beetles, in some cases identifiable to species, are recovered from pack rat middens from California (United States) and Baja California (Mexico) dating up to ~ 34,355 years before present by Smith et al. (2021).[191]
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Clade Dictyoptera

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New Dictyopteran taxa

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Dictyopteran research

  • A study on the phylogenetic placement of the family Umenocoleidae, based on data from a new specimen of Umenocoleus sinuatus from the Lower Cretaceous Zhonggou Formation (China), is published by Liuo et al. (2021).[219]
  • Description of new alienopterid nymphs from the Cretaceous Burmese amber, and a study on life history and affinities of alienopterids, is published by Luo et al. (2021).[220]
  • A study on the sensory organs of Huablattula hui, and on their implications for the knowledge of the ecology of this cockroach, is published by Taniguchi et al. (2021).[221]
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Clade †Glosselytrodea

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Hymenopterans

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New Hymenopteran taxa

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Hymenopteran Research

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Clade Neuropterida

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Neuropterans

New Neuropteran taxa

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Neuropteran research

  • Review of the known record of spoon-winged lacewing larvae is published Haug, Haug & Haug (2021), who report two specimens from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar which might represent the first known larvae of members of the subfamily Nemopterinae in the fossil record.[294]
  • New lacewing larvae with elongated mouthparts are described from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar by Haug et al. (2021), who also review the morphological diversity of fossil lacewing larvae.[295]

Raphidiopterans

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Clade †Palaeodictyopteroidea

†Megasecoptera

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†Palaeodictyoptera

New Palaeodictyopteran taxa

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Palaeodictyopteran research

  • A study on the anatomy of fossil specimens described as consecutive series of different larval stages of palaeodictyopteran species Tchirkovaea guttata and Paimbia fenestrata, evaluating their implications for the knowledge of wing development in palaeodictyopterans, is published by Rosová, Sinitshenkova & Prokop (2021).[303]

Clade Palaeoptera

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Ephemeroptera

New Ephemeropteran taxa

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Ephemeropteran research

  • Sroka et al. (2021) provide new information on the morphology of Permian stem-mayflies Misthodotes sharovi and M. zalesskyi from the Tshekarda locality (Kungurian Koshelevka Formation; Perm Krai, Russia), and infer the life history traits of both the adult and larval stages of these insects.[308]
  • Possible underwater mayfly burrows are described from the Turonian Ferron Sandstone (Utah, United States) by King et al. (2021), who interpret this finding as evidence that burrowing mayflies adapted to domicile filter-feeding during or prior to the Turonian, and name a new ichnospecies Glossifungites gingrasi.[309]

Odonatoptera

Odonata

New Odonatan taxa
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Odonate research
  • Archibald et al. (2021) establish a new, extinct suborder of Odonata named Cephalozygoptera, close to but distinct from damselflies, composed of the families Dysagrionidae, Sieblosiidae and possibly Whetwhetaksidae;[313] their study is subsequently criticized by Nel & Zheng (2021), who consider evidence presented by Archibald et al. to be insufficient to support a new clade, and reject the suborder Cephalozygoptera as unfounded.[324][325]

†Protozygoptera

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Other odonatopterans

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Clade †Paoliidea

†Paoliida

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Clade Paraneoptera

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Hemipterans

New Hemipteran taxa

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Hemipteran research

Psocodeans

New Psocodean taxa

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Psocodean research

  • Four bark lice carrying sand granules and organic material atop their back are described from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar by Kiesmüller et al. (2021), who interpret this finding as the first fossil evidence of masking behaviour in Cretaceous representatives of Psocodea.[391]

Clade Perlidea

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Dermapterans

New Dermapteran

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Plecoptera

New Plecopteran taxa

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Other insects

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New taxa

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Other insect research

  • A well-preserved full-body impression of an elongate winged insect strongly resembling stick insects is described from the Permian (Wordian) Pelitic Formation (France) by Logghe et al. (2021), who name a new ichnotaxon Phasmichnus radagasti.[410]
  • A dragonfly-type odonatopteran larva, preserving ancestral morphological characters maintained in mayflies but lost in modern odonatan larvae, is described from the Cretaceous Burmese amber by Haug, Müller & Haug (2021).[411]

General research

  • Revision of the fossil record of insects from the Triassic of China is published by Zhang et al. (2021).[412]
  • A study on the diversity of insect damage types in fossil plants from the Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) Dakota Formation (United States), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the early evolution of angiosperm florivory and associated pollination, is published by Xiao et al. (2021).[413]

References

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