APOBEC4

C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC4 gene. It is primarily expressed in testis and found in mammals, chicken, but not fishes.^[5][6]

APOBEC4
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC4, C1orf169, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 4
External IDs	OMIM: 609908; MGI: 1918531; HomoloGene: 52415; GeneCards: APOBEC4; OMA:APOBEC4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q25.3 Start 183,646,275 bp[1] End 183,653,316 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 G3 Start 152,626,302 bp[2] End 152,633,295 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in bronchial epithelial cell olfactory zone of nasal mucosa mucosa of paranasal sinus sperm right uterine tube epithelium of nasopharynx left testis right testis caput epididymis right lung Top expressed in seminiferous tubule spermatid spermatocyte olfactory epithelium islet of Langerhans More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 403314 71281 Ensembl ENSG00000173627 ENSMUSG00000055547 UniProt Q8WW27 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_203454 NM_001081197 RefSeq (protein) NP_982279 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 183.65 – 183.65 Mb Chr 1: 152.63 – 152.63 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a member of the AID / APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases, which convert cytidine to uridine. Other AID/APOBEC family members are involved in mRNA editing, somatic hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes, and innate immunity to retroviral infection.^[6]

A recent study on APOBEC4 (A4) revealed an interesting finding that A4 enhanced the replication of HIV-1 through boosting promoter activity, it also increased the expression of other relevant promoter mediated enhanced protein expression. Biochemical analysis of A4 showed the lack of cytidine deaminase activity on single stranded DNA and it binds DNA rather weak.^[7]