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Dzherakh
Ingush society From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Dzherakh, also spelled Jerakh (Ingush: ЖӀайрахой, romanized: Žyajraxoj), historically also known as Erokhan people, were a historical Ingush ethno-territorial society, today existing as a tribal organisation or clan (teip),[a] originally formed in the Dzheyrakhin gorge, as well as in the lower reaches of the Armkhi River and the upper reaches of the Terek River.
The Dzherakhs first appeared in Russian sources in the 16th century under the name Erokhan people (Russian: Ероханские люди, romanized: Erokhanskie lyudi).
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History
The Dzherakhs were first mentioned in the 16th century in Russian documents as the Erokhan people.[17] They were also noted by the Georgian prince, historian, and geographer Vakhushti Bagrationi in 1745.[18][19]
Their first documented contact with the Russian Empire occurred in 1833 during a punitive expedition in Mountainous Ingushetia, led by General Abkhazov.[20]
The Dzherakhs were known for conducting raids during the Caucasian War, alongside the Kists (Fyappiy) and Tagaurs.[21]
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Composition
Dzherakh society/teip consisted of following fortified villages (auls) and surnames (nyaqhash/vyarash):[b]
| Auls | Teips and nyaqhash/vyarash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dzheyrakh (Жӏайрах) | Lyanovs (Льяннаькъан), Tsurovs (Чурнаькъан), Khamatkhanovs (Хаматханнаькъан) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ezmi (Эзми) | Kozyrevs (Къоазанаькъан) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Furtoug (Фуртовг) | Akhriyevs (ӏоахаргнаькъан) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pkhmat (Пхьмат) | Borovs (Бурнаькъан) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-existent auls whose territory comprise today's Dzheyrakh. Biykau layer became part of (Anzor) Borova aul, which later, was evicted by Russian Administration from the left bank of Terek River in 1865.[28] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biykau (Бийков) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borova | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Egon-Kale (Эгӏара-кхал) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kalmykov (Калмыков) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Makhan-Kale (Maгӏapa-кхал) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes
- Dzherakh were mentioned as an Ingush society by "Overview of the political state of the Caucasus in 1840",[1] "Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire, 1851",[2] Bulletin of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society,[3] Volkonsky,[4] Maksimov, Vertepov,[5] Pantyukhov,[6] Kovalevsky,[7] Milyutin,[8] Martirosian,[9] Soviet Ethnography,[10] Geiger, Halasi-Kun, Kuipers, Menges,[11] Krupnov,[12] Volkova,[13] G. Anchabadze,[14] V. A. Kuznetsov[15] and Pavlova.[16]
- The information in the table is based on several archive documents such as: "List of populated locations of the Voeynno-Ossetinskiy Okrug" (1859),[22] "List of residents of the Gorsky Uchastok of the Ingushskiy Okrug, with testimony against everyone who, how many have their own arable hay days of land" (1864)[23] and "List of mountain villages of the Kuban and Terek Oblasts" (1869).[24] The orthography of the teips and nyaqhash/vyarash was mainly based on the work "Onomasticon of Ingushetia",[25] while the information regarding what auls they inhabit/inhabited is mainly based on the information of Zaurbek Malsagov[26] and Shukri Dakhilgov.[27]
References
Bibliography
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