E (Mongolic)

E is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^{[1]: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language

E
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ a ᠡ e ᠢ i ᠣ o ᠤ u ᠥ ö ᠦ ü ᠧ (ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ n ᠩ ng ᠪ b ᠫ (p) ᠬ q/k ᠭ ɣ/g ᠮ m ᠯ l ᠰ s ᠱ š ᠲ t ᠳ d ᠴ č ᠵ ǰ ᠶ y ᠷ r ᠸ (w)
Mongolian script multigraphs
Galik alphabet
v t e

Letter[2]: 17, 18–19 [3]: 546
‑e	e	Transliteration[note 1]
—	ᠡ [note 2]	Alone
	[note 3]
	ᠡ‍	Initial
	‍ᠡ‍	Medial
	‍ᠡ	Connected final
᠎ᠡ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	—	Separated final

Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546
be	pe	ke, ge	Transliteration
ᠪᠡ [note 4]	ᠫᠡ	ᠬᠡ [note 5]	Alone
ᠪᠡ‍	ᠫᠡ‍	ᠬᠡ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠡ‍	‍ᠫᠡ‍	‍ᠬᠡ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠡ	‍ᠫᠡ	‍ᠬᠡ	Final

Separated suffixes[note 6]
‑e	Transliteration
ᠡ‍	Initial
ᠡ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	Whole

• Transcribes Chakhar /ə/;^[8][9] Khalkha /i/, /e/, /ə/, and /∅/.^{[10]: 40–42} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter э.^[11][4]
• Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (a) and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (q/k and ɣ/g), or position in syllable sequence (n, ng, d).^[12]
• The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, p, k, and g), and to the right in all other cases.
• ᠡ᠋‍ = an Old Mongolian initial form, as in ᠡ᠋ᠨᠡ ene 'this' (otherwise written ᠡᠨᠡ).^{[6]: 316 [10]: 130}
• Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰).^{[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113 [14]: 35}
• Produced with E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
• In the Mongolian Unicode block, e comes after a and before i.

Ee

Letter[14]: 38–39
ē (é)	Transliteration[note 7]
ᠧ	Alone
ᠧ‍	Initial
‍ᠧ‍	Medial
‍ᠧ	Final

Example ligatures
fē	gē	kē	Transliteration
ᠹᠧ	ᠺᠧ	ᠻᠧ	Alone
ᠹᠧ‍	ᠺᠧ‍	ᠻᠧ‍	Initial
‍ᠹᠧ‍	‍ᠺᠧ‍	‍ᠻᠧ‍	Medial
‍ᠹᠧ	‍ᠺᠧ	‍ᠻᠧ	Final

• Stands in for e in loanwords,^{[14]: 38 [9]} such as in ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ēüropa (Khalkha: Европ Yevrop).^{[11]: 48 [16]} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter е.^[11][4]
• Indistinguishable from w, except when inferred by its placement: typically between consonants.^[14]: 38
• Ultimately derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱).^{[14]: 38 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113}
• Produced with ⇧ Shift+E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
• In the Mongolian Unicode block, ē comes after ü and before n.

Clear Script

Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language

Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language

Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes

1. Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
2. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (Khalkha: аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (Khalkha: ээ ee) 'oh!'.^{[6]: 1, 284}
3. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (Khalkha: аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).^[6]: 1
4. As in ᠪᠠ ba (Khalkha: ба ba) 'and'.^{[6]: 64 [2]: 22}
5. As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (Khalkha: хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.^{[6]: 438, 442}
6. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter e include:  ᠡ^⟨?⟩ ‑e (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠡᠴᠡ ‑eče (ablative), and  ᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑ečegen (reflexive+ablative).^[7]
7. Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.^[4]