Fritz Klein

For other people named Fritz Klein, see Fritz Klein (disambiguation).

Fritz Klein (24 November 1888 – 13 December 1945) was a Romanian-German Nazi doctor and war criminal, hanged for his role in atrocities at Auschwitz concentration camp and Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during the Holocaust.

Fritz Klein
Klein at his trial in 1945
Born	(1888-11-24)24 November 1888 Feketehalom, Austria-Hungary
Died	13 December 1945(1945-12-13) (aged 57) Hamelin Prison, Hamelin, Allied-occupied Germany
Cause of death	Execution by hanging
Criminal status	Executed
Motive	Nazism
Conviction	War crimes
Trial	Belsen trial
Criminal penalty	Death
Details
Victims	Thousands
Span of crimes	1943–1944
Country	Poland
Location	Auschwitz concentration camp
Military career
Allegiance	Germany
Branch	Schutzstaffel

Klein surrounded by bodies. The British Army liberating Bergen-Belsen forced German camp personnel to bury the corpses of prisoners.

Early life, education, and Nazi soldier

Klein was born in Feketehalom, Austria-Hungary (now Codlea in central Romania).^[1]

Klein was considered a Volksdeutscher, or ethnic German. He studied medicine at the University of Budapest and completed his military service in Romania, finishing his studies in Budapest after World War I. He lived and worked as a doctor in Siebenbürgen (Transylvania), Romania.^{[citation needed]}

In 1939, as a Romanian citizen, he was drafted into the Romanian army, where, after the outbreak of the war with the Soviet Union in 1941, he served as a paramedic on the eastern front. In May 1943, Romanian fascist dictator Marshal Antonescu, on a demand from Hitler to release ethnic Germans in the Romanian Army, drafted them into the German army. Hence Klein became a Nazi soldier in the Waffen-SS, was listed in the SS-Personalhauptamt, and posted to Yugoslavia.^{[citation needed]}

Nazi camp doctor and execution

On 15 December 1943, he arrived in Auschwitz concentration camp, where at first he served as a camp doctor in the women’s camp in Birkenau. Subsequently, he worked as a camp doctor in the Gypsy camp. He also participated in numerous selections ("Selektionen") on the ramp.^{[citation needed]} In December 1944 he was transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp, from where he was sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in January 1945. He remained at the camp with commandant Josef Kramer and assisted in handing it over to British troops. Klein was imprisoned and forced to help bury all unburied corpses in mass graves. The British Army Film and Photographic Unit Number 5 photographed Klein standing in a mass grave, in a well-known 1945 photo (seen on the right).

Ella Lingens-Reiner testified that she questioned him on how he reconciled his actions with his ethical obligations as a physician:

"My Hippocratic oath tells me to cut a gangrenous appendix out of the human body. The Jews are the gangrenous appendix of mankind. That's why I cut them out."^[2][3][4]

Klein and 44 other camp staff were tried in the Belsen Trial by a British military court at Lüneburg. The trial lasted several weeks, from September to November 1945. During the trial Anita Lasker testified that Klein took part in selections for the gas chamber.^[5]

Klein was sentenced to death and hanged at Hamelin prison by Albert Pierrepoint on 13 December 1945.^[6][7]