IRAC code |
Mode of action |
Class |
Nr (A) |
Nr (B) |
Example |
1 A | Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors | Carbamates |
26 |
52 | Carbofuran |
1 B | Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors | Organophosphates |
66 |
171 | Chlorpyrifos |
2 A | GABA-gated chloride channel blockers | Cyclodiene organochlorines |
2 |
17 | Endosulfan |
2 B | GABA-gated chloride channel blockers | Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles) |
2 |
7 | Fipronil |
3 A | Sodium channel modulators | Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins |
43 |
84 | Permethrin |
3 B | Sodium channel modulators | DDT, Methoxychlor |
2 |
20 | DDT |
4 A | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Neonicotinoids |
7 |
11 | Imidacloprid |
4 B | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Nicotine |
1 |
1 | Nicotine |
4 C | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Sulfoximines |
1 |
1 | Sulfoxaflor |
4 D | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Butenolides |
1 |
1 | Flupyradifurone |
4 E | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Mesoionics |
3 |
3 | Triflumezopyrim |
4 F | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators | Pyridylidenes |
1 |
1 | Flupyrimin |
5 | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators - Site I | Spinosyns |
2 |
2 | Spinosad |
6 | Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators | Avermectins, Milbemycins |
4 |
10 | Abamectin |
7 A | Juvenile hormone receptor modulators | Juvenile hormone analogues |
3 |
7 | Methoprene |
7 B |
Juvenile hormone receptor modulators |
Fenoxycarb |
1 |
1 |
Fenoxycarb |
7 C |
Juvenile hormone receptor modulators |
Pyriproxyfen |
1 |
1 |
Pyriproxyfen |
8 A |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Alkyl halides |
> 3 |
10 |
1,3-dichloropropene |
8 B |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Chloropicrin |
1 |
1 |
Chloropicrin |
8 C |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Fluorides |
2 |
5 |
Sulfuryl fluoride |
8 D |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Borates |
5 |
2 |
Boric acid |
8 E |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Tartar emetic |
1 |
0 |
Tartar emetic |
8 F |
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors |
Methyl isothiocyanate generators |
3 |
2 |
Dazomet |
9 B |
Chordotonal Organ TRPV Channel Modulators |
pyridine azomethine derivatives |
2 |
2 |
Pymetrozine |
9 D |
Chordotonal Organ TRPV Channel Modulators |
Pyropenes |
1 |
1 |
Afidopyropen |
10 A |
Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 |
Clofentezine, Diflovidazin, Hexythiazox |
3 |
5 |
Clofentezine |
10 B |
Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 |
Etoxazole |
1 |
1 |
Etoxazole |
11 A |
Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes |
Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce |
4 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
11 B |
Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes |
Bacillus sphaericus |
1 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
12 A |
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase |
Diafenthiuron |
1 |
1 |
Diafenthiuron |
12 B |
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase |
Organotin miticides |
3 |
8 |
Cyhexatin |
12 C |
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase |
Propargite |
1 |
4 |
Propargite |
12 D |
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase |
Tetradifon |
1 |
2 |
Tetradifon |
13 |
Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient |
Pyrroles, Dinitrophenols, Sulfluramid |
3 |
8 |
Chlorfenapyr |
14 |
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers |
Nereistoxin analogues |
4 |
5 |
Thiocyclam |
15 |
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 |
Benzoylureas |
11 |
15 |
Lufenuron |
16 |
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 |
Buprofezin |
1 |
1 |
Buprofezin |
17 |
Moulting disruptor, Dipteran |
Cyromazine |
1 |
1 |
Cyromazine |
18 |
Ecdysone receptor agonists |
Diacylhydrazines |
4 |
6 |
Tebufenozide |
19 |
Octopamine receptor agonists |
Amitraz |
1 |
7 |
Amitraz |
20 A |
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qo site |
Hydramethylnon |
1 |
1 |
Hydramethylnon |
20 B |
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qo site |
Acequinocyl |
1 |
1 |
Acequinocyl |
20 C |
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qo site |
Fluacrypyrim |
1 |
4 |
Fluacrypyrim |
20 D |
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qo site |
Bifenazate |
1 |
1 |
Bifenazate |
21 A |
Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors |
METI acaricides and insecticides |
6 |
9 |
Tebufenpyrad |
21 B |
Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors |
Rotenone |
1 |
1 |
Rotenone |
22 A |
Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers |
Oxadiazines |
1 |
1 |
Indoxacarb |
22 B |
Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers |
Semicarbazones |
1 |
1 |
Metaflumizone |
23 |
Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives |
5 |
6 |
Spirotetramat |
24 A |
Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors |
Phosphides |
4 |
3 |
Phosphine |
24 B |
Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors |
Cyanides |
3 |
3 |
Sodium cyanide |
25 A |
Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors |
Beta-ketonitrile derivatives |
2 |
6 |
Cyenopyrafen |
25 B |
Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors |
Carboxanilides |
1 |
1 |
Pyflubumide |
28 |
Ryanodine receptor modulators |
Diamides |
5 |
19 |
Chlorantraniliprole |
29 |
Chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitors |
Flonicamid |
1 |
2 |
Flonicamid |
30 |
GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators |
Meta-diamides, Isoxazolines |
3 |
15 |
Broflanilide |
31 |
Baculoviruses |
Granuloviruses (GVs), Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) |
4 |
n.a. |
Cydia pomonella GV |
32 |
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Allosteric Modulators - Site II |
GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide |
1 |
n.a. |
GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide |
33 |
Calcium‐activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulators |
Acynonapyr |
1 |
1 |
Acynonapyr |
34 |
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qi site |
Flometoquin |
1 |
1 |
Flometoquin |
35 |
RNA Interference mediated target suppressors |
Ledprona |
1 |
2 |
Ledprona |
36 |
Chordotonal organ modulators – undefined target site |
Pyridazine pyrazolecarboxamides |
1 |
1 |
Dimpropyridaz |
37 |
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) inhibitor |
Oxazosulfyl |
1 |
1 |
Oxazosulfyl |
UN |
Compounds of unknown or uncertain MoA |
many various classes |
10 |
83 |
Benzoximate |
UNB |
Bacterial agents (non-Bt) of unknown or uncertain MoA |
class not defined |
2 |
n.a. |
Wolbachie pipientis (Zap) |
UNE |
Botanical essence including synthetic, extracts and unrefined oils with unknown or uncertain MoA |
class not defined |
5 |
n.a. |
neem oil |
UNF |
Fungal agents of unknown or uncertain MoA |
class not defined |
6 |
n.a. |
Beauveria bassiana strains |
UNM |
Non-specific mechanical and physical disruptors |
class not defined |
3 |
n.a. |
Mineral Oil |
UNP |
Peptides of unknown or uncertain MoA |
no examples |
none |
n.a. |
no examples |
UNV |
Viral agents (non-baculovirus) of unknown or uncertain MoA |
no examples |
none |
n.a. |
no examples |