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LUZP2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Leucine zipper protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LUZP2 gene.[5] There are no orthologs in invertebrates, but many in vertebrates. It is a transcription factor found in eukaryotes.
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Gene
The LUZP2 gene is found on the short arm of chromosome 11 at position 11p14.3.[6] It is located on the plus strand.[6]
The gene contains 23 introns, and can produce 11 alternatively spliced mRNAs.[7]
Protein structure
LUZP2 encodes a leucine zipper protein that is 346 amino acids in length, and has a molecular weight of ~39 kDa.[8] This protein is secreted, and is found mostly expressed within the brain and spinal cord.[9]
The protein contains a signal peptide, 3 glycosylation sites, a leucine zipper region, and a disordered region.[8] It also contains 3 highly conserved "QLKE" amino acid repeats.
Leucine zipper
The leucine zipper motif is located on positions 164-192 of the protein, and contains 4 conserved lysine and 4 conserved leucine residues. Leucine zippers usually facilitate protein-protein interactions and contain many amphipathic helices that form a left-handed dimeric coiled-coil structure. They also often contain leucine residues spaced 7 amino acids apart.
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Abundance
Protein Abundance
LUZP2 protein is present in higher amounts than most proteins, but is more abundant in the cerebral cortex and brain. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-LUZP2 rabbit antibodies shows it to be present in low levels in the pancreas and high in the cerebral cortex. Interestingly, it is present in high levels in neuronal projections, suggesting it could have some role in the development of the vertebral nervous system.
In situ hybridization
Based on in situ hybridization studies, LUZP2 mRNA is expressed at low levels throughout the brain, but more highly concentrated in the regions of the forebrain, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. LUZP2 is also least expressed in the cerebellum compared to other structures.[12]
Clinical findings
 | This section needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (December 2024) |  |
Based on a data mining study investigating low-grade Gliomas, LUZP2 downregulation was found to be associated with higher-grade tumors, suggesting that LUZP2 expression decreased as tumors became more aggressive. Low LUZP2 expression was also associated with worse overall survival in patients with low-grade gliomas across multiple cohorts.[10]
This gene has also been found deleted in some patients with Wilms tumor-aniridia-ganomalies-mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome.[13]
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Evolution
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LUZP2 has many orthologs in vertebrates. It is highly conserved in mammals, birds, and reptiles.[14]
LUZP2 is expected to have first appeared in cartilaginous fish around 462 million years ago, and is evolving at an intermediate rate, slower than fibrinogen alpha, but faster than cytochrome c.
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Possible Interactions
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LUZP2 mostly interacts with proteins found the nucleus. Proteins that showed the most promising interactions with LUZP2 include the serine/threonine kinase TNIK, GAS2, and CBX5.
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References
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