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List of prime ministers of Italy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of prime ministers of Italy
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The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]

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After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.

The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10] The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]

The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]

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Prime ministers of Italy

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Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Parties:[a]

1861–1912:
  Historical Right
  Historical Left
  Military
1912–1922:
  Liberals / Italian Liberal Party
  Italian Radical Party
  Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1922–1943:
  National Fascist Party
1943–1946:
  Labour Democratic Party
  Action Party
  Christian Democracy
  Military

Coalitions:[b]

1861–1912:
  Rightist coalition
  Leftist coalition
  Mixed coalition
1912–1922:
  Liberal coalition
1922–1943:
  Fascist government
1943–1946:
  National Liberation Committee
  Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:

Symbols:
† Died in office

More information Portrait, Name (Birth–Death) ...
  1. Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
  2. Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
  3. After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

Parties:[a]

1946–1994:
  Christian Democracy
  Italian Republican Party
  Italian Socialist Party
  Independent
1994–present:
  Forza Italia / The People of Freedom
  Democrats of the Left
  Democratic Party
  Brothers of Italy
  Independent

Coalitions:[b]

1946–1994:
  National Liberation Committee
  Centrist coalition
  Organic centre-left
  Pentapartito / Quadripartito
  Mixed coalition
1994–present:
  Centre-right coalition
  Centre-left coalition
  Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:
More information Portrait, Name (Birth–Death) ...
  1. Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
  2. Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
  3. The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.
  4. Until 4 May 1993
  5. Within The Olive Tree coalition
  6. Until December 1999
  7. Until February 1999
  8. From February 1999
  9. DS and DL formed the Democratic Party (PD) in October 2007.
  10. Until November 2013
  11. From November 2013
  12. Close to the Five Star Movement
  13. From September 2019 to January 2021
  14. From June 2022
  15. From July 2022
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Timeline

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Alcide De GasperiFerruccio ParriPietro BadoglioBenito MussoliniLuigi FactaIvanoe BonomiFrancesco Saverio NittiVittorio Emanuele OrlandoPaolo BoselliAntonio SalandraLuigi LuzzatiSidney SonninoAlessandro FortisTommaso TittoniGiuseppe ZanardelliGiuseppe SaraccoLuigi PellouxGiovanni GiolittiAntonio Starabba, Marchese di RudinìFrancesco CrispiBenedetto CairoliAgostino DepretisGiovanni LanzaFederico Luigi, Conte MenabreaAlfonso Ferrero La MarmoraMarco MinghettiLuigi Carlo FariniUrbano RattazziBettino RicasoliCamillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Italian Republic (1946–present)

Giorgia MeloniMario DraghiGiuseppe ContePaolo GentiloniMatteo RenziEnrico LettaMario MontiMassimo D'AlemaRomano ProdiLamberto DiniSilvio BerlusconiCarlo Azeglio CiampiGiuliano AmatoCiriaco De MitaGiovanni GoriaBettino CraxiGiovanni SpadoliniArnaldo ForlaniFrancesco CossigaGiulio AndreottiEmilio ColomboMariano RumorAldo MoroGiovanni LeoneFernando TambroniAdone ZoliAntonio SegniMario ScelbaAmintore FanfaniGiuseppe PellaAlcide De Gasperi

See also

References

Bibliography

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