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List of active separatist movements in Asia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism can include autonomism and secessionism,[1] despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country.
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Criteria
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What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
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Afghanistan
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- Ethnic group: Uyghurs, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, and other Turkic peoples
- Proposed state:
Southern Turkestan[4][5] - Militant organisations: Turkestan Freedom Tigers[6][7]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Hazara people
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Azerbaijan
- Autonomist movements
Territory of the short-lived 
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
- People: Talysh people
- Proposed: greater autonomy within the borders of Azerbaijan[9]
- Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
- Government in exile:
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[10]
Bangladesh
- Ethnic group: Jumma people
- Proposed: Autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts[14][15]
- Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front
- Ethnic group: Kuki
- Proposed state:
Zale'n-gam - Militant organisation: Kuki National Army, Kuki-Chin National Front[16][17]
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation
- Proposed state:
Zogam (Parts of Chittagong hill tracts)
- Ethnic group: Zomi
- Proposed state:
Zogam - Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army[18]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Mro people
- Proposed: autonomy for the Mro people
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China
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_(+all_claims_hatched).svg)
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Ethnic group: Uyghurs
- Proposed state:
East Turkestan[20] - Government-in-exile: East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
- Militant organizations: Turkistan Islamic Party, East Turkestan Liberation Organization
- Advocacy group: World Uyghur Congress, Campaign For Uyghurs, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
- Proposed state:
_(+all_claims_hatched).svg)
- Ethnic group: Han Chinese of Hong Kong
- Proposed state:
Hong Kong or reunification with the 
United Kingdom as an 
Overseas Territory - Political parties: Youngspiration, Hong Kong Indigenous, Hong Kong National Party, Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence, Hong Kong Independence Party
- Proposed state:
.svg){kind=small}
_(+all_claims_hatched).svg)
- Ethnic group: Tibetan people
- Proposed state:
Tibet (includes all of Xizang and parts of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan) - Government-in-exile: Central Tibetan Administration
- Advocacy groups: Tibetan Youth Congress, International Tibet Independence Movement[21][22][a]
- Proposed state:
Minor movements
Shanghainese nationalism[23][24]
Cantonese nationalism,[25][26][27]
Bashu nationalism[28]
Inner Mongolian independence movement[29][30]- Manchu independence movement[31]
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Georgia
Territory of the former 
Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Ethnic group: Abkhazians
- De facto state:
Abkhazia[32] (recognized by 5 UN members)
- Political organization: Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces
- De facto state:
Territory of the former 
South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
- Ethnic group: Ossetians
- De facto state:
South Ossetia[33] (recognized by 5 UN members)
- Political organization: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organization: Armed Forces of South Ossetia
- De facto state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
- Proposed autonomous region:
Javakhk (Javakheti) - Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance[34][35][36]
- Proposed autonomous region:
- Ethnic group: Adjarians
- Political Party: Adjara Party
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India
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- Separatist movements
- Proposed state: Assam
- Ethnic group: Assamese people
- Militant organizations:
United Liberation Front of Asom, 
Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam
- Proposed state:
Nagalim
- Ethnic group: Naga people
- Militant organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir from India or unification with
Pakistan
- Ethnic group: Kashmiri Muslims
- Political organizations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen
- Political parties (autonomy): Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference, Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
- Militant organizations:
Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, 
Jaish-e-Mohammed, 
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Kamtapur or becoming a state of India
- Ethnic group: Rajbanshi people
- Political parties (statehood): Kamtapur People's Party
- Militant organization:
Kamtapur Liberation Organisation[40][41][42]
- Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
- Ethnic group: Bnei Menashe[43]
- Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation
- Ethnic group:
- Proposed state:
Manipur
- Ethnic groups: Meitei, Pangal, Naga
- Government-in-exile: Manipur State Council[46]
- Militant organizations:
United National Liberation Front, 
People's Liberation Army of Manipur, 
Kangleipak Communist Party, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup, Maoist Communist Party of Manipur
- Proposed state: Meghalaya
- Ethnic groups: Khasi people, Pnar people
- Militant organization: Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council
- Advocacy group:
Seng Khasi Movement
Ethnic groups: Drejongpas, Lepcha
- Proposed state:
Kingdom of Sikkim - Political party: Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
- Proposed state: Tipraland
- Ethnic group: Tripuri people
- Political parties:
Tipra Motha Party, Tipraland State Party, 
Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra - Militant organisation:
National Liberation Front of Tripura,[47] All Tripura Tiger Force
- Proposed state:
Mizoram[48][49] - Ethnic group: Mizo people
- Political parties: Mizo National Front, Zoram People's Movement, Hmar People's Convention
Zogam (In India the claimed territories are: Barak Valley, Tripura, East Jaintia Hills, Dima Hasao district and Karbi Anglong district of Assam)
- Ethnic group: Zomi
- Proposed state: Zogam
- Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army[18]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state:
Khalistan[50]
- Ethnic group: Punjabi Sikhs
- Militant organizations: Babbar Khalsa, Khalistan Commando Force,
Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force, ISYF, AISSF, Waris Punjab De
Autonomist or statehood movements
- State or extended autonomous area:
Rabha Hasong[51][52]
- Ethnic group: Rabha people
- Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA),[53] Rabha National Liberation Army,[54] Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)[55][56][57]
- Ethnic group: Indian Gorkhas
- Proposal: creation of a separate autonomous Gorkhaland state within India[58]
- Political movement:
Gorkhaland movement - Political parties:
Gorkha National Liberation Front, 
Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
- Ethnic group:
Garo people
- Proposal: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into an autonomous state of India[63][64][65]
- Political party: Garo National Council
- Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi
- Proposal: making the region of Bundelkhand into a state of India[66]
- Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha
- Ethnic group: Marathi people
- Proposal: separation of Vidarbha from the state of Maharashtra[67]
- Political party: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti
- Ethnic group: Goans
- Proposed autonomous region: Goa[68]
- Political party: Niz Goenkar Revolution Front
- Ethnic group: Dogri people
- Proposal: separation of the
Jammu region from Jammu and Kashmir as a separate state within india[69] - Political party: Ikkjutt Jammu
- Proposal: separation of the
- Ethnic group: Bodo people
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Indonesia
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- Ethnic group: Acehnese
- Proposed state:
Aceh - Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)
- Advocacy group: Aceh–Sumatra National Liberation Front (Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)[73][74][75]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Balinese
- Ethnic group: Moluccans
- Proposed state:
South Moluccas
- Government-in-exile: Republic of South Moluccas (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front [citation needed]
- Ethnic group: Minahasan
- Proposed state:
Greater Minahasa[83]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Riau Malays
- Ethnic group: Dayak people
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for Kalimantan
- Ethnic group: Sumbawa people
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Iran
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Perspective
- Ethnic group: Khuzestani Arabs
- Proposed state:
Al-Ahwaz[91] - Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz
- Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic groups: Kurds
- Proposed state:
Kurdistan[92] - Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Kurdistan Free Life Party, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic groups: Iranian Azerbaijanis
- Proposed state:
South Azerbaijan[93][94][95] or unification with 
Azerbaijan - Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement,[96][97] Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization[98][99][100] Turkemenshara[101]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Balochis
- Proposed state:
Balochistan in Sistan and Baluchestan province with Pakistani Balochistan[102][103] and Baloch majority territories in Southern Afghanistan - Militant organisations: Jundallah (until 2011).[104][105][106]
Jaish ul-Adl, [107][108] 
Ansar Al-Furqan, 
Balochistan Liberation Army,[109] 
Balochistan Liberation Front[109]
- Proposed state:
Iraq
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.svg)
Proposed state: 
Kurdistan
- Ethnic group: Kurds
- Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan
- Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisation: Peshmerga
- Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
- Ethnic group: Assyrians
- Proposed state:
Assyria - Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Assyria Liberation Party
- Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units
- Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Assyrians
- Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
Proposed state: Basra[110][111][112]
- Current de jure and de facto autonomous region:
Basra Governorate
- Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen
- Proposed autonomous region or state:
Turkmeneli[114][115][116] - Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)[117]
- Proposed autonomous region or state:
- Ethnic group: Yazidis
- Proposal: autonomy for the Sinjar region, including the Sinjar Mountains
- Political parties:
Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance[118][119]
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Israel
West Bank and the Gaza Strip
- People: Palestinians
- De jure state:
Palestine (recognized by 147 UN member states)
- Proposal: recognition of Palestine as an independent sovereign state with Jerusalem as its capital.[120]
- Political organization: Government of Palestine, Government of the Gaza Strip
- Militant organization: Palestinian National Security Forces, Palestine Liberation Army, Palestinian Joint Operations Room
- De jure state:
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Japan
- Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom[121] - Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly Ryūkyū Independence Party (琉球独立党, Ryūkyū Dokuritsutō)
- Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
- Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Japanese people
- Proposed: autonomy for Kansai region
- Political party: Union of Kansai Governments
Kazakhstan
North Kazakhstan Region and other ethnic Russian parts of Kazakhstan[123]
- ethnic group: Russians in Kazakhstan
- proposed: independence for the Russians in Kazakhstan
Laos
- Ethnic group: Hmong people
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Malaysia
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Perspective
- Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sarawak)
- Proposed state:
Sarawak
- Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement[127][131][132]
- Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sabah)
- Proposed state: Sabah
- Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[127][131]
- Ethnic groups: Ethnic Johor Malay and Johoreans
- proposed state:
Johor
- proposed state:
Myanmar
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Perspective
- Ethnic group: Rakhine
- Proposed state:
Arakan State - Advocacy groups: Arakan Independence Alliance
- Militant organizations: Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Chin
- De Facto State: Chinland
[135] - Political Party: Chin National Front
- Militant organisation: Chin National Army (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Ethnic group: Karen
- Proposed state: Kawthoolei
- Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Karen National Union
- Proposed state: Kawthoolei
- Ethnic group: Karenni
- Proposed state: Kayah State
- Militant organisation: Karenni Army
- Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: Kayah State
- Ethnic group: Kokang people (ethnic Han Chinese)
- Proposed state: Kokang
- Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
- Proposed state: Kokang
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Mon
- Proposed state: Mon State, Monland
- Political party: New Mon State Party
- Proposed state: Mon State, Monland
- Ethnic group: Rohingya
- Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army,[136] Rohingya Solidarity Organization
- Advocacy groups: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation,[137][138] Rohingya National Council[139]
- Ethnic group: Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Shan Republic
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Militant organisation: Shan State Army
- Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States[140]
- Proposed state: Shan Republic
- Proposed state:
Pa'O Self-Administered Zone
- Ethnic group: Pa'O
- Militant organisation: Pa-O National Liberation Army
- Proposed state:
Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone
- Ethnic group: Palaung
- Militant organisation: Palaung State Liberation Army
- Ethnic group: Wa
- Proposed/de facto State: Wa State
- Political party:
United Wa State Party - Militant organisation: United Wa State Army
- Proposed/de facto State: Wa State
- Ethnic group: Kuki
- Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
- Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Zomi
- Proposed state: Zogam
- Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army[18]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state: Nagalim
- Ethnic group: Naga people
- Militant organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- ethnic group: Kachin people
- proposed state:
Kachin state - militant organization: Kachin Independence Army
- proposed state:
Nepal
- Ethnic group: Kiratis
- Proposed state: Kirat
- Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party
- Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples (including Maithils, Bhojpuris and Tharus).
- Proposed state:
Madhesh - Militant organisations: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF)[143]
- Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh,[144] Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2007), Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party[145]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Tharu people
- Proposed: autonomy for Tharuhat
Pakistan
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Perspective
- Proposed: secession of Kashmir from Pakistan[147][148]
- Ethnic groups: Kashmiri Muslims, Kashmiris
- Political party: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (until 1996)
- Student organization: Jammu Kashmir Student Liberation Front (until 2019)
- Militant organisation: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (until 1992)
- Proposed: autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan and declaration as the fifth province of Pakistan or succession into
Balawaristan
- Ethnic groups: Baltis, Shins
- Political party: Balawaristan National Front (Pro-Independence, defunct) and
Balawaristan National Front (Naji) (Pro-Autonomy, active)[149]
- Ethnic group: Balochis
- Proposed state:
Balochistan along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and some parts of Afghanistan[152] - Political parties: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Student organization: Baloch Students Organization (inactive)
- Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army (2005–present), Baloch Liberation Front (1963–1977, 2000–present), Baloch Nationalist Army (2022–2023), Balochistan Liberation United Front (2009-2010), Lashkar-e-Balochistan (inactive), United Baloch Army (2013–2022),
Balochistan Republican Army (2006–2022), Jaysh al-Adl and 
Others groups.
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Sindhis
- Proposed state:
Sindhudesh - Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party
- Student organization: Jeay Sindh Studdents' Federation
- Militant organization:
Sindhudesh Liberation Army, Sindhudesh People’s Army and Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army
- Proposed state:
- Proposed: Southern Punjab be separated into a separate province called Saraikistan in the Saraiki-speaking areas
- Ethnic group: Saraikis
- Political party: Saraikistan Qaumi Council
- Ethnic group: Pashtuns
- Proposition: Advocating for the regional autonomy and increased Pashtun cultural expression or an independent state called
Pashtunistan consisting of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and North Balochistan or accession with Afghanistan - Political party:
Awami National Party, 
Taliban[155] - Militant organisations:
Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (
Pakistani Taliban)
- Proposition: Advocating for the regional autonomy and increased Pashtun cultural expression or an independent state called
- Ethnic group: Muhajirs
- Proposition: Independence for Jinnahpur or creation of a separate province for the Muhajirs
- Political Parties:
Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan[156][157][158] - Militant organisation:
Muttahida Qaumi Movement - London[159]
- Ethnic group: Hazaras
- Proposed: establishment of a separate Hazara province in Pakistan
- Advocacy group: Hazara province movement
- Ethnic group: Kalash people
- Proposed: a separate province for the Kalasha Valleys
Philippines
Sulu archipelago and parts of Zamboanga Peninsula
- Ethnic groups: Moro (Tausūg, Banguingui, Sama-Bajau, Yakan)
- Proposed state/autonomous area: Bangsa Sūg[162][163]
Cordillera Administrative Region
- Ethnic group: Igorot
- Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region[164] or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera[165][166]
- Advocacy groups: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement,[167] Cordillera People's Liberation Army,[168][169] Cordillera Bodong Administration[170]
- Ethnic group: Mindanaoans
- Proposed: independence for Mindanao
- Advocacy group: Mindanao Independence Movement
Russia
Siberia or Siberian Federal District[173]
- Ethnic group: Russians, Siberians (Siberian peoples)
- Proposed state or federal subject:
Siberian Republic
- Militant organisation: Sibir Battalion of the Civic Council[174]
- Advocacy groups: Siberian regionalist groups,[175] Civil Council
- Militant organisation: Sibir Battalion of the Civic Council[174]
- Proposed state or federal subject:
- Ethnic group: Buryats
- Proposed state:
Buryatia or unification with Mongolia[176]
- Advocacy groups: Free Buryatia Foundation
- Proposed state:
Ural Federal District[177][178]
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed state:
Ural Republic[179][180] - Political parties: Ural Republic Movement, Free Ural, Ural Democratic Foundation
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Tuvans
- Proposed state;
Republic of Tyva
- Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front of Tuva[184]
- Proposed state;
Sri Lanka
- Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamils
- Proposed state:
Tamil Eelam - Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam,[185][186][187]
People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam, etc. - Political parties: Tamil National Alliance, People's Front of Liberation Tigers
- Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam[188][189]
- Advocacy groups: Global Tamil Forum, Tamil Youth Organisation, World Tamil Movement
- Proposed state:
Syria
De facto autonomous region:
Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)
- Larger ethnic groups: Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians
- Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians
- Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council
- Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces
Autonomist movements:
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Druze
- Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State (Suwayda Governorate) or unification with
Israel[191][192] (Quneitra Governorate)
- Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State (Suwayda Governorate) or unification with
- Ethnic group: Assyrians[193]
- Proposed state:
Assyria - Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization
- Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
- Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe,
- Proposed state:
Taiwan
Summarize
Perspective
The 
Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 11 United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an observer).
- Proposed state:
Republic of Taiwan
- Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
- Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan five times; in 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 (until 2020), in 2020 (until 2024), and in 2024 (until 2028). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as Lai Ching-te, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". Some groups also exclude the Kinmen and Matsu Islands from their proposal.
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party
- Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence
- Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
- Ethnic group: Native Taiwanese
- Proposed: autonomy for the indigenous peoples of Taiwan[194]
- Political party: Taiwan First Nations Party[195]
Thailand
- Ethnic group: Patani Malays
- Proposed state:
Pattani Darul Makrif,[196] unification with 
Malaysia[197][198] - Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani
- Advocacy group: Pelajar Bangsa[199][200][201]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Isan people
- Proposed: autonomy for isan
- Advocacy group: new isan movement
Turkey
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Perspective
- Ethnic group: Kurds
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Militant organisations: Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Assyrians, Arab Christians
- Proposed state: Assyria
- Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party
- Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha
- Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians
- Proposed state:
Western Armenia or merger with 
Armenia - Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
- Advocacy groups: Armenian National Committee of America
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Zazas
- Proposed state:
Zazaistan
- Political parties: Democracy Time Party[204]
- Advocacy groups: Federation of Zaza Associations
- Proposed state:
Uzbekistan
- ethnic group: Karakalpaks
- proposed state:
Karakalpakstan
- proposed state:
Vietnam
- Ethnic group: Montagnard[207]
- Proposed: autonomy[208] or independence of the
[209] - Political organisations:
Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Montagnard Dega Association, Montagnard Human Rights Organization, United Montagnard People, M'Nong Bu-dang, Movement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam[210]
- Proposed: autonomy[208] or independence of the
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- Ethnic group: Hmong people
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
ChaoFa Hmong[211]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Mekong Delta and South East Vietnam
- Ethnic group: Khmer Krom[212][213]
- Proposed: Autonomy for the Khmer Krom
- Political party:
Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation
Yemen
- Proposed state:
Republic of South Arabia or 
Republic of South Yemen[214]
- Political parties: Southern Movement,
Southern Transitional Council[215][216][217] - Militant organisation(s): Security Belt, Shabwani Elite, Southern Giants Brigades
- regional group: Southern Yemenis
- Political parties: Southern Movement,
- Proposed autonomous area:
Hadhramaut Region[218][219]
- De facto autonomous government:
Hadramout National Council - Political parties:
Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, Hadhrami League, - Militant organisation(s): Hadhrami Elite Forces
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s): Hadharem, Mehri and Socotran
- De facto autonomous government:
See also
References
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