List of famines

Depiction of victims of the Irish Great Famine, 1845–1852.

List

Date	Event	Location	Death toll (where known; estimated)
c. 2,700 BC	Seven year famine, recorded on the Famine Stela[1][2]	Egypt
2200 BC–2100 BC	The 4.2-kiloyear event caused famines and civilizational collapse worldwide	Global
441 BC	The first famine recorded in ancient Rome.	Ancient Rome[3]
114 BC	Famine caused by drought during the third year in the Yuanding period. Starvation in over 40 commanderies east of the Hangu mountain pass.[4]	Han China
103 BC–89 BC	Beminitiya Seya during the reign of the Five Dravidians[5]	Anuradhapura Kingdom
c. 43 BC	Famine due to volcanic winter following the eruption of Mount Etna in 44 BC and the larger eruption of Mount Okmok early in 43 BC,[6] affecting China (43 BC),[7] Italy (43 BC), Egypt (c. 43 BC – c. 42 BC) and Greece (42 BC).[6]	Roman Republic, Egypt and China
26 BC	Famine recorded throughout Near East and Levant, as recorded by Josephus[citation needed]	Judea	20,000+
333 AD	Famine in Antioch[8]	Coele Syria, Roman Empire
368–369	Famine[9][10] during the drought of the 360s–370s[11]	Cappadocia, Byzantine Empire
370	Famine in Phrygia[citation needed]	Phrygia
372–373	Famine in Edessa[citation needed]	Edessa
375–376	Famine during the drought of the 360s–370s[11]	Byzantine Empire
383	Famine in Rome. A policy had been introduced in 364 AD that stipulated taxes in Rome had to be paid in grain[12]	Italian peninsula[citation needed]
400–800	Various famines in Western Europe associated with the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and its sack by Alaric I. Between 400 and 800 AD, the population of the city of Rome fell by over 80%, mainly because of famine and plague.[citation needed]	Western Europe
470	Famine[citation needed]	Gaul
535–536	Volcanic winter of 536	Global
544	Famine in Myra[9]	Byzantine Empire
585	Famine[citation needed]	Gaul
618–619	Famine in Constantinople[9]	Byzantine Empire
639	Famine in Arabia during the reign of Umar[13]	Arabia
676–678	Famine[9]	Thessalonica, Byzantine Empire
698–700	Famine	Ireland[14]
750s	Famine	Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus)[15]
762–764	Famine associated with hard winters and drought[16]	Carolingian Europe, the Balkans, the Byzantine Empire and possibly north of the Black Sea
779	Famine[16]	Northern Carolingian Europe and possibly Ireland
791–794	Famine, possibly associated with heavy rain,[16] affecting England in 793[17]	Carolingian Europe and England
800–1000	Severe drought killed millions of Maya people due to famine and thirst and initiated a cascade of internal collapses that destroyed their civilization.[18][page needed]	Mayan areas of Mesoamerica	1,000,000+
805–807	Famine associated with a hard winter and drought[16]	Northern Carolingian Empire
820–824	Famine associated with heavy rain, hard winters, drought, hail and possibly cattle pestilence[16]	Carolingian Empire, possibly Ireland, England and the Byzantine Empire
841–845	Famine associated with heavy rain and hard winters[16]	Northern (and possibly southern) Carolingian Empire, the Byzantine Empire and the Middle East
867–869	Famine associated with heavy rain, flooding and possibly cattle pestilence[16]	Northern Carolingian Empire
872–874	Famine associated with heavy rain, hail, locusts, a hard winter, drought and Saharan sand[16]	Carolingian Empire
875–884	Peasant rebellion in China inspired by famine;[19][20] Huang Chao captured capital	China
895–897	Famine associated with hail and a hard winter[16]	Northern Carolingian Europe, England and Ireland
927–928	Famine caused by four months of frost[21][22]	Byzantine Empire
939–944	Famine associated with hard winters, heavy rain, flooding, Saharan sand, locusts and possibly cattle pestilence[16]	Northern (and possibly southern) Carolingian Europe, Ireland and the Middle East
942–944	Famine in the Yellow River Basin caused by severe drought and locust plagues. During the first month 5387 families fled, then approximately 10% of the remaining population starved to death.[23]	China
963–968	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
975–976	Famine[17]	England
975–976	Famine[24]	Iceland
996–997	Famine in the Fatimid Caliphate, with food price increases[25]	Egypt
1004–1007	Famine, resulting in food scarcity, price increases and widespread illnesses. Caliph al-Ḥākim punished merchants who raised prices too high with the death penalty, and prohibited the slaughter of healthy cows which could be used for ploughing[25]	Maghreb area in Northwest Africa: Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt
1005–1006	Famine, including in England[17]	Europe[26]
1010	Famine in Nīshābūr[25]	Ghaznavid Empire
1016	Famine throughout Europe[27]	Europe
1021	Famine[24]	Norway
1025	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1031	Famine caused by a sandstorm that destroyed crops, trees and provisions[25]	Arabian Peninsula; Modern day Iraq and Saudi Arabia
c. 1045	Famine[17]	England
1051	Famine forced the Toltecs to migrate from a stricken region in what is now central Mexico[28]	Mexico (present day)
1055–1056	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1057–1058	Famine[24]	Iceland
1064–1072	Mustansirite Hardship[29][30]	Egypt	40,000[29]
1069–1070	Harrying of the North	England	100,000
1087	Famine[17]	England
1097	Famine and plague[31]	France	100,000
1099–1101	Probable famine[32]	Denmark
1111	Famine[17]	England
1118	Famine[24]	Iceland
1124–1126	Famine in England, the Low Countries and northern France[33]	Europe
1143–1147	Famine[citation needed]	Europe
1150–1151	Famine[citation needed]	Europe
1150–1151	Widespread famine due to wet/cold[34]	Japan
1153	Local famine of unknown cause[34]	Japan
1155	Widespread famine of unknown cause[34]	Japan
1161	Widespread famine of unknown cause[34]	Japan
1161–1162	Famine[citation needed]	Aquitaine
1174–1175	Local famine due to wet/cold[34]	Feudal Japan
1180–1182	Yōwa famine[35]	Japan	42,300 in Kyoto
1182	Famine[24]	Norway
1183	Local famine of unknown cause[34]	Japan
1185	Widespread famine due to drought[34]	Japan
1193–1198	Famine[17]	England
1196–1197	Famine[citation needed]	Europe
1196–1198	Probable famine[32]	Denmark
1199–1202	Famine due to the low water level of the Nile impacting food prices[25]	Egypt	100,000
1201	Local famine due to wet/cold[34]	Japan
1206	Widespread famine of unknown cause[34]	Japan
1207–1213	Famine(s), e.g. in 1207 and 1211–1213[24]	Norway
1224–1226	Famine[citation needed]	Europe
1225–1226	Probable famine[32]	Denmark
1229–1232	The Kanki famine, possibly the worst famine in Japan's history.[36] Caused by volcanic eruptions.[37]	Japan	2,000,000[citation needed]
1230	Famine in the Novgorod Republic[citation needed]	Novgorod Republic
1233	Local famine due to wet/cold[34]	Japan
1235	Famine[38]	England	20,000 in London
1252	Famine[39]	Ethiopia
1252	Widespread famine due to wet/cold[34]	Japan
1255–1262[40]	Famine in Spain[40] and Portugal[41][better source needed]	Iberian Peninsula
1256	Famine in Tuscany[42]	Tuscany
1256–1258	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1256–1258	Famine[43]	Italy
1257–1260	Shōga famine, aggravated by the 1257 Samalas eruption[44]	Japan
1258–1259[40][44]	Famine in England,[44][45] Italy,[42] France, the Holy Roman Empire and the Iberian Peninsula, aggravated by the 1257 Samalas eruption[44]	Western Europe
1263	Famine[40]	Ireland
1264	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1270–1271	Famine[40]	Ireland
1271	Widespread famine due to drought[34]	Japan
1271–1272	Famine[43]	Italy
1273–1274	Widespread famine due to drought[34]	Japan
1275–1277	Famine[40][43]	Italy
1275–1299	Collapse of the Anasazi civilization, widespread famine occurred[46]	United States
1279	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1281–1282	Famine[40]	Central Europe
1282	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1283	Apparent severe famine[47]	Denmark
1285–1286	Famine.[43] (Perhaps 1286 only.[40])	Italy
1291	Famine[40] caused by years of drought and recorded in one chronicle[47]	Sweden[48]
1294–1296	Famine caused by sandstorm that covered plantations and destroyed crops.[25]	Egypt, Syria, Yemen
1294–1296	Famine lasting 1294–1296 in Ireland and 1295–1296 in Great Britain[40]	British Isles
1300	Famine due to the eruption of Hekla[24]	Iceland
1301–1302	Famine[40]	Spain
1302–1303	Famine[40][43]	Italy
1304	Famine[49]	France
1305	Famine[49]	France
1308–1310	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1310	Famine[49]	France
1310	Probable famine and apparent drought[47]	Denmark
1311	Famine[40]	Spain
1311–1312	Famine[43]	Lombardy, Italy
1313	Famine[43]	Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1314–1315	Famine. Dikes collapsed, fields vanished, crops rotted, and livestock died in huge numbers due to the disease "Rinderpest". The price of wheat jumped "8 fold".[12]	England
1315–1317 or 1322	Great Famine of 1315–1317. Famine lasted from 1313–1317 in Spain and 1314–1316 in Russia/Ukraine.[40] Elsewhere, famine began in 1315 and ended in either 1317 (Great Britain, France, the Low Countries,[40] Denmark and Sweden[47]) or 1318 (Central Europe[40] and Ireland[40][50]).	Europe[51]	7,500,000
1319–1320	Great Bovine Pestilence	England
1321	Famine[citation needed]	England
1326–1330	Famine in Italy[43] (possibly beginning in 1328[40]), Spain and Ireland[citation needed]	Europe
1330–1331	Famine[40] with humid, rainy and stormy weather[50]	Ireland
1330–1332	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1330–1333	Famine[citation needed]	France
1333–1336	Famine[40]	Spain
1333–1337	Chinese famine of 1333–1337	China[52]	6,000,000
1338–1339	Famine[40] (possibly just 1339[50])	Ireland
1339–1341	Famine in Italy[43] (possibly ending in 1340[40]), Spain and Ireland[citation needed]	Europe
1344–1345	Famine in India, under the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq[53]	India
1346	Famine[40]	Ireland
1346–1348	Widespread European famine, particularly in the south, including Italy (1346–1347),[43] Spain (1346–1348) and France (1347)[40]	Europe
1349–1351	Famine[40] affecting England (1351)[49] and coinciding with the Black Death[54]	Great Britain
1349–1351	Famine[citation needed]	France
1352–1353	Famine[43]	Italy
1358–[citation needed]1360	Famine[40]	France
1361–1362	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1364–1366	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1368	Famine[43]	Italy
1369	Famine[citation needed]	England
1369–1370	Famine[43]	Florence, Tuscany, Italy
1370	Famine caused by harvest failure in 1369[55]	Norway
1371	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1371	Famine[citation needed]	France
1374	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1374–1375	Near pan-Mediterranean famine in France, Spain[40] and Italy[40][43]	Europe
1374–1375	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1384–1385	Famine[43]	Italy
1389	Famine[43]	Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1390–1391	Famine[citation needed]	France
1393	Famine[43]	Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1394–1396	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1397	Famine, with a windy, wet and cold summer and autumn[50]	Ireland
1396–1407	The Durga Devi famine	India[56][27]
1402–1404	Famine[8]	Ottoman Empire
1403–1404	Famine[citation needed]	Egypt
1409	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1410	Great famine[40][50]	Ireland
1410–1412	Famine[43]	Italy
1420–1421	Oei famine (due to drought)[57]	Japan
1420–1421	Famine[40]	France
1420–1423	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1429–1432	Famine[40]	France
1431	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1432–1434	The Hungry Years	Czech Republic
1434–1437	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1435	Famine[40]	Spain
1436–1440	Famine in Russia/Ukraine (1436–1438), the Low Countries and Great Britain (1437–1438), France (1437–1439)[40] and Germany and Switzerland (1437–1440)[58]	Europe
1441	Famine in Mayapan	Mexico[59]
1442–1445	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1446	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1447	Famine[40] (or hunger[50])	Ireland
1447–1448	Famine[60]	Sweden
1450–1454	Famine in the Aztec Empire,[61] interpreted as the gods' need for sacrifices.[62]	Mexico
1458	Famine[43]	Italy
1459–1461	Kanshō famine[63] (due to drought)[57]	Japan	82,000[citation needed]
1460	The Deccan region faced significant famine, leading to severe food shortages.[64]	India
1468	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1470	Famine[40]	France
1470	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1472	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1472	Famine in central Honshu due to drought[65]	Japan
1472–1474	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1475–1477	Famine[40]	Spain
1476	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1477	Famine in central Honshu[65]	Japan
1481–1484	Famine(s) in the Low Countries (1481–1482), France (1481–1483),[40] the East of England (1481–1483)[67] and Italy (1482–1484)[40][66]	Western Europe
1485	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1491–1492	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1491–1492	Famine[65]	Kai Province, Japan
1492	Famine[40]	Ireland
1493	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1497–1498	Great famine[40][50] (possibly just 1497[50])	Ireland
1502–1505	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1503	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1504	Famine during a drought[68]	Spain
1506–1508	Famine[40]	Spain
1512	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1513	Famine during a drought[68]	Murcia, Spain
1515	Famine[40]	France
1515–1516	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1516–1518	Famine[40]	Germany and Switzerland[58]
1518–1520	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1520–1523	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1521–1522	Famine(s)[40]	France and the Low Countries
1521–1522	Famine[40] during a drought[68]	Andalusia,[68][69] Spain
1523	Great famine[40][50]	Ireland
1525	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1527–1532	Famine(s) in Italy (1527–1529),[40][66] France (1527–1532,[40] including Languedoc by 1528[70]), Spain (1528–1530)[40] and Austria and Switzerland (1530–1531)[58]	Europe
1533–1534	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1535	Famine in Ethiopia	Ethiopia
1539–1540	Famine[66][71]	Italy
1539–1540	Tenbun famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1540	Famine during a drought[68]	Spain
1544–1545	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1545	Famine[40]	France
1550–1551	Famine in isolated areas of central Honshu due to an earthquake and typhoon[72]	Japan
1550–1552	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1556	Famine[40]	Ireland
1556–1557	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1556–1557	Famine[40] (perhaps affecting Denmark but not Sweden, and perhaps only in 1556[60])	Nordic countries[40]
1557[40]	Famine[40] in the Volga region and northern Russia[73]	Russia
1557	Famine[40] throughout Spain due to a rainy winter, coinciding with a typhus outbreak[74]	Spain
1557–1558	Famine in Honshu[72]	Japan
1557–1559	Famine[40] coinciding with an influenza outbreak[75]	Great Britain
1558–1560	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1560–1561	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1562	Famine[40] following a harsh winter in 1561[76]	France
1565–1566	Famine[40]	Central Europe
1566–1567	Famine during a drought[68]	Andalusia, Spain
1567–1570	Famine in Harar, combined with plague[citation needed]. The Emir of Harar died.	Ethiopia
1568–1574	Pan-European famine[citation needed] or famines affecting Russia and mostly east of[citation needed] Ukraine (1568–1572),[40] Italy (1569–1572),[40][66] Germany, Austria and Switzerland (1569–1574),[58] the Nordic countries (1571–1572), the Low Countries (1572–1573) and France (1573–1574).[40] Germany/Austria/Switzerland saw crop failures, plague and witch hunts in one of their most severe famines.[58]	Europe
1573	Famine due to drought[72]	Western Japan
1585–1589	Pan-European famine[citation needed] or famines, affecting Great Britain, France and the Low Countries (1585–1587),[40] Italy (1586–1587)[40][66] and Ireland (1586–1589).[40][50] In Ireland, this famine followed the Second Desmond Rebellion.[77]	Western Europe
1586	Famine and drought. Rice prices skyrocketed and there was widespread population migration and starvation.[78]	Qishan County, Shaanxi province, China
1588	Famine[78]	Wei County, Hebei province, China
1589	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1590–1598[79]	Major European famine,[80] including Italy (1590–1593),[40][66][81] the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway,[82] 1590–1597),[40][81][82] Russia/Ukraine (1591),[40] Spain (1591–1595),[40][81] France (1593 & 1598),[81] Great Britain (either 1594–1598[81] or 1597–1599[40]), Germany and Austria (1594–1598).[58] The degree to which this should be considered one widespread famine as opposed to many regional ones is unclear: it mainly affected southern Europe in 1590–1593, then central and northern Europe in 1594–1598. The famine may also be associated with a critical phase of the Little Ice Age. It caused the large-scale restructuring of European grain trade routes, which contributed to the Low Countries' avoiding this famine.[83]	Europe
1592–1594	Famine during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), known in Korea as the Kyegap Famine (Korean: 계갑대기근; Hanja: 癸甲大飢饉).[84]	Joseon
1593–1600	Famine[85]	Portugal
1596	Famine[86]	India
1599–1600	Famine[40]	Spain
1600–1601	Famine in Emilia and southern Lombardy[87]	Italy
1600–1603	Famine linked to the Nine Years' War[88]	Ireland
1601–1602	Cooling, famine and epidemics following the eruption of Huaynaputina in 1600[7]	Guizhou and Shanxi provinces, China
1601–1603	One of the worst famines in all of Russian history, with as many as 100,000 in Moscow and up to one-third of the country's population killed; see Russian famine of 1601–1603.[89] The same famine killed about half of the Estonian population.	Russia	2,000,000
1601–1603[40]	Famine in 1601 in Finland[90] and in 1602–1603 in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway,[91] following the eruption of Huaynaputina in 1600[92]	Nordic countries
1602	Famine[40]	Central Europe
1602	Famine[40]	Great Britain
1605–1607	Famine[40]	Spain
1607–1608	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1608	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1615–1616	Famine[40]	Spain
1616–1623	Famine[85]	Portugal
1618–1622	Famine[40][66]	Italy
1618–1648[citation needed]	Famines in Europe[citation needed] caused by the Thirty Years' War, including in 1620–1623 in Germany (often attributed to Kipper und Wipper, violent conflict, the closing of borders and trade routes, and requisitioning by armies),[93] possibly in 1628–1630 in Jutland[94] and in 1635–1636 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In the 1630s, famine in these countries was frequent but more local, often resulting from occupation or sieges.[93]	Europe
1619	Famine in Japan. During the Edo period, there were 154 famines, of which 21 were widespread and serious.[95]	Japan
1621–1624	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1622–1624	Famine (possibly 1623–1625 in Great Britain[40]) in North West England, Ireland,[96] north-west Wales (1622–1623)[97] and Scotland[96] (where it hit in 1623, following harvest failures in the autumns of 1621–1622),[98] due to wet and cold weather.[96]	British Isles
1623	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1625–1626	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1625–1630	Famine(s) involving plague and witch hunts, due to exceptionally bad harvests[93]	Austria and Germany
1626–1627	Pyŏngjŏng Famine (Korean: 병정대기근; Hanja: 丙丁大飢饉)[99]	Joseon
1628–1630	Famine[40] or apparent famine in Sweden (1630), with people eating bark in the south of Sweden[90]	Nordic countries[40]
1628–1632	Famine[66]	Italy
1629–1631	Famine.[40] According to the prevailing literature, this was England's last famine.[100]	Great Britain
1630–1631	Famine in Northwest China	China
1630–1631	Famine[40]	Spain
1630–1632	Deccan famine of 1630–1632	India	7,400,000
1630–1632	Famine[85]	Portugal
1631–1632	Famine[40] (possibly 1630–1631[86])	France
1633–1634	Famine in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Sweden's Baltic possessions[101]	Swedish Empire and Norway
1636	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1640–1643	Kan'ei Great Famine	Japan	50,000–100,000
1641–1643	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1641–1652[40]	A succession of famines related to the Irish Confederate Wars. Deaths were concentrated in the more sparsely populated Ulster and north-east Connacht in the 1640s; afterwards, the south was worst affected and plague exacerbated the famine.[77]	Ireland
1647–1649	Famine[40] including in northern England (1649)[102][86]	Great Britain
1647–1652	Famine in Spain[40] and Portugal[85]	Iberian Peninsula
1648–1649	Famine[40][103]	Italy
1648–1651	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1648–1652	Famine[40] in the east (1650–1652),[104] possibly 1649–1652.[86]	France
1648–1660	The Deluge saw Poland lose an estimated 1/3 of its population due to wars, famine, and plague[citation needed]	Poland
1650–1652	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1650–1652	Famine due to severe crop failures in 1650 and 1651. Grain exports were banned and grain was imported from the Baltic states. The crude death rate was over twice the normal value in the east in 1650, and in the north, middle and east in 1651–1652.[105]	Sweden
1651–1652	Famine due to exceptionally bad harvests[93]	Germany
1651–1653	Famine throughout much of Ireland during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.[106] The more densely populated south was worst affected, and plague exacerbated the famine.[107]	Ireland
1657–1663	Famine[85]	Portugal
1659–1662	Famine(s) in Italy[dubious – discuss] and Spain (1659–1662), and in France, Central Europe and the Low Countries (1661–1662)[40]	Europe
1661	Famine in India, due to lack of any rainfall for two years[108][27]	India
1670–1671	Kyungshin Famine	Joseon	1,000,000[109]–1,500,000
1672	Famine in southern Italy[110]	Italy
1674	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1674–1676	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1674–1677	Famine[40]	Nordic countries
1675–1677	Famine affecting northern and central Sweden (1675), inland and coastal Norway (1676) and Denmark (1676–1677)[111]	Scandinavia
1675–1678	Famine[85]	Portugal
1676	Famine[40]	France
1677	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1678–1679	Famine[40][112]	Italy
1678–1685	Famines and plague[citation needed][40]	Spain
1680	Famine in Sardinia[113]	Italy (present day)	80,000[114]
1680–1682	Enpo-Tenna famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1680s	Famine in Sahel[104]	West Africa
1690s	Seven Ill Years – a famine which killed 5–15% of the population[115] (possibly 1697–1699[40])	Scotland	60,000–180,000
1691–1695	Particularly severe famine due to severe rain and cold, which reduced harvests[116]	Germany, Austria and Switzerland
1692–1694	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1693–1694	Great Famine of 1693–1694 [fr]	France	700,000–1,300,000[86][117]
1693–1697	Major European famine[100] affecting Germany, Austria and Switzerland (1691–1695),[116] the Low Countries (1692–1694),[40] France (Great Famine of 1693–1694 [fr]),[100] Italy (1693–1695[40][118]), where it was second only to the 1590s famine,[100] Portugal (1693–1697),[85] Spain (1694–1699),[40] Finland and Estonia (Great Famine of 1695–1697),[100] Russia/Ukraine (1695–1697),[40] Norway (1696) and Sweden (1696–1698)[119] and Great Britain (Seven Ill Years, 1697–1699)[40]	Europe
1694–1699	Famine[40]	Spain
1695–1696	First Genroku famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1695–1697	Great Famine of Estonia, which killed about a fifth of the population.	Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia	70,000–100,000
1695–1698	Great Famine of 1695–1697, including the Great Famine of Estonia. Famine also hit Norway (1696)[119] and Sweden (1696–1698,[119] 80,000–100,000 dead[citation needed])	Swedish Empire and Norway	150,000 in Finland
1696	Famine in Aleppo[8]	Ottoman Empire
1696–1699	Ŭlbyŏng famine [ko]	Joseon	1,410,000 per official Annals, but possibly higher.[120]
1698–1699	Famine[40]	Low Countries
1698–1701	Famine due to severe rain and cold, which reduced harvests[116]	Germany, Austria and Switzerland
1700	Famine, with mortality around 35% above the normal rate[119]	Denmark
1701–1703	Second Genroku famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1702–1704	Famine in Deccan[121]	India	2,000,000[121]
1706–1711	Famine[40]	Spain
1708–1711[100]	Famine in Spain (1706–1711), the Low Countries (1708–1710),[40] Italy (1709[66] or 1708–1709[40]), France (1709–1710),[40] probably Sweden and Finland (1709–1710, coinciding with the Great Northern War and the Great Northern War plague outbreak), Denmark (1710)[122] and Germany and Austria (1709–1712).[116]	Europe
1708–1711	Famine and disease in East Prussia killed 250,000 people or 41% of its population.[70] According to other sources the great mortality was due to plague (disease), which between 1709 and 1711 killed about 200,000–250,000 out of 600,000 inhabitants of East Prussia.[123] The Great Northern War plague outbreak of 1708–1712 also affected East Prussia.	East Prussia	250,000
1709–1710	The Great Famine of 1709 [fr]	France[86][124]	600,000
1709–1712	Famine following the Großer Winter (Great Winter) of 1708–1709, coinciding with the Great Palatine Migration of 1709[116]	Germany and Austria
1714–1715	Famine[40]	Central Europe
1716	Famine[40][125]	Italy
1717	Famine in the north and west[126]	Sweden
1718–1719	Famine[40]	France
1719	High mortality probably connected to famine[127]	Denmark
1719–1721	Famine[40]	Central Europe
1721–1724	Famine[40]	Russia/Ukraine
1722	Famine	Arabia[128]
1724	Famine[40][125]	Italy
1724–1725	Famine[58]	Germany
1727–1728	Perhaps England's last famine. Limited to a few parishes,[86] there were food riots and increased mortality, but contemporaries did not consider this a famine, and the prevailing literature considers the 1629–1631 famine England's last.[100]	The Midlands, England
1728–1730	High mortality probably connected to famine[127]	Denmark
1730	Famine[70]	Silesia
1730s	Famine in Damascus[8]	Ottoman Empire
1732–1733	Kyōhō famine	Japan	12,172–169,000[129]
1738–1756	Famine in West Africa, half the population of Timbuktu died of starvation[130]	West Africa
1739–1740	Famine associated with extremely cold winter(s) (Große Kälte)[116]	Germany and Austria
1740–1741	Irish Famine (1740–1741)	Ireland	300,000–480,000
1740–1743	Famine in central Sweden (1740), eastern Norway (1742), northern and central Sweden (1743) and probably Denmark (1740–1742)[131]	Scandinavia
1750–1756	Famine in the Senegambia region[132]	Senegal, Gambia (present day)
1755–1757	Horeki famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1755–1758	Famine coinciding with crop failures and the Seven Years' War[58]	Germany
1756–1757	Partial famine and influenza epidemic. There was a modest public relief effort and a temporary embargo on distilling.[133]	Ireland
1757	Famine[8]	Syria
1758	Regional famine following crop failures in 1756–1757, with high mortality also affecting other counties[134]	Kopparberg County, Sweden
1763	Regional famine, with high mortality also affecting other counties[134]	Gothenburg and Bohus County, Sweden
1763–1764	High mortality probably connected to famine and coinciding with an influenza pandemic[127]	Denmark
1764	Famine in Italy (including the Kingdom of Naples[135]) during a period of drought[136]	Italy
1765	Famine[137]	Norway
1766	Smaller famine[138]	Ireland
1767	Famine during a period of drought[136]	Italy
1769–1773	Great Bengal famine of 1770,[27] 10 million dead (one third of population)	India, Bangladesh (present day)	10,000,000
1770–1772	Severe famine in German-speaking lands and most neighbouring countries, due to a series of harvest failures. Heavy rain had affected an area stretching from France to Poland and from Scandinavia to Switzerland, impeding the storage and transportation of grain. Epidemic disease resulted from malnutrition and migration. In the Ore Mountains and Bohemia, around 200,000 people (10% of the population) either died or fled. The famine provoked migration, plus changes in education, economics, welfare and medicine.[139] See also: Famines in Czech lands.	Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Bohemia	60,000 in Saxony[140]
1771–1773	Famine in Norway (1771–1773),[141] central Sweden (1772–1773) and Finland.[142] Norway saw a mortality crisis during 1771–1773, and famine in the east in 1773.[137] In Sweden, mortailty peaked in 1773, with about half of excess mortality due to dysentery.[143]	Nordic countries
1776	Famine following a series of hurricanes that struck the island[144]	Martinique
1779	Famine in Rabat	Morocco[145]
1782	Famine in Karahisar[8]	Ottoman Empire
1782–1784	Famine leading to an embargo on food exports from June 1783–January 1784[133]	Ireland
1782–1788	Great Tenmei famine	Japan	20,000–920,000
1783–1784	Chalisa famine	India	11,000,000[146]
1783–1785	Famine in Iceland caused by the eruption of Laki killed around one-fifth[147] or 26%[148] of Iceland's population and 80% of livestock. Restrictions on fishing prevented most Icelanders from adopting fishing as an alternative to farming.[148]	Iceland
1784	Widespread famine throughout Egypt, one-sixth of the population died[149]	Egypt
1784–1785	Famine in Tunisia[150]	Tunisia
c. 1785	Famine[137]	Norway
1786–1787	The last famine in Denmark, following bad harvests in 1785–1786. Due to grain imports, Copenhagen was less affected than the rest of Denmark.[151]	Denmark
1788	The two years previous to the French Revolution saw bad harvests and harsh winters, possibly because of a strong El Niño cycle[152] or caused by the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland.[153][154]	France
1789	Famine in Ethiopia afflicted the Amhara and Tigray Regions	Ethiopia
1789–1793	Doji bara famine or Skull famine	India	11,000,000
1796	Famine caused by locusts[39]	Northern Ethiopia
1799–1800	Famine in Diyarbakır[8]	Ottoman Empire
1799–1801	Famine and disease. Emergency rice and maize imports were bought from the United States.[155]	Ireland	40,000
1800	Regional famine[156]	Jämtland County, Sweden
1801	Famine (during a food crisis in Milan lasting 1799–1801)[157]	Italy
1801	Regional famine[158]	Västerbotten County, Sweden
1804–1872, 1913	A series of 14 famines in Austrian Galicia	Poland, Ukraine (present day)	400,000–550,000
1808	Regional famine[158]	Skaraborg County, Sweden
1809	Regional famines[134]	Jämtland and Västerbotten counties, Sweden
1809–1815	Crop failure due to dry weather conditions.	Joseon (Korea)	2,000,000[159]
1811–1812	Famine devastated Madrid[160]	Spain	20,000[161]
1812	Regional famine[134]	Östergötland County, Sweden
1815	Eruption of Mount Tambora. Tens of thousands died in subsequent famine	Indonesia	10,000
1816–1817	Year Without a Summer	Europe and Yunnan	65,000+ in Europe
1822	Famine[162]	Western Ireland
1831	Famine[138]	Ireland
1830–1833	Famine, claimed to have killed 42% of the population	Cape Verde	30,000[163]
1832–1833	Guntur famine of 1832	Madras Presidency, India	150,000
1832–1833	Famine[127]	Finland
1833–1837	Tenpō famine	Japan
1837–1838	Agra famine of 1837–1838	India	800,000
1845–1857	Highland Potato Famine	Scotland	150,000 estimated
1845–1852	Great Famine killed more than 1,000,000 out of over 8.5 million people inhabiting Ireland. Between 1.5–2 million people were forced to emigrate[164]	Ireland	600,000 to over 1,500,000 that emigrated
1846	Famine led to the peasant revolt known as "Maria da Fonte" in the north of Portugal[165]	Portugal
1846–1848	The Newfoundland Potato Famine, related to the Great Famine of Ireland	Newfoundland, present-day Canada
1849–1850	Demak and Grobogan in central Java, caused by four successive crop failures due to drought.	Indonesia	83,000[166]
1857–1858	Famine[127]	Finland
1860–1861	Black Winter of 1860–1861[167]	Qajar Iran
1860–1861	Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861	India	2,000,000
1863–1867	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	30,000[168]
1866	Orissa famine of 1866	India	1,000,000[169]
1866	Keio famine (due to rain)[57]	Japan
1866–1868	Finnish famine of 1866–1868. About 15% of the entire population died	Finland	150,000+
1866–1868	Famine in French Algeria[170]	French Algeria	820,000
1867–1869	Swedish famine of 1867–1869	Northern Sweden[171]
1869	Rajputana famine of 1869	India	1,500,000[169]
1869–1870	Famines due to weather, with North Hamgyong Province particularly affected.[172]	Joseon
1870–1872	Persian famine of 1870–1872, extended by some scholars from 1869 to 1873[173]	Qajar Iran	200,000–3,000,000 Estimates vary[174]
1873–1874	Famine in Anatolia caused by drought and floods[175][176]	Turkey (present day)
1873–1874	Bihar famine of 1873–1874	India
1876–1878	Great Indian Famine of 1876–1878	India	5,500,000
1876–1879	Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879	China	9,000,000–13,000,000[177]
1876–1878	Brazilian drought of 1877–1878, also known as the Grande Seca	Brazil	500,000
1878–1880	St. Lawrence Island famine, Alaska[178]	United States	1,000
1879	1879 Famine in Ireland. Unlike previous famines, this famine mainly caused hunger and food shortages but little mortality.	Ireland
1879	Famine in the Eastern areas of the Empire[179]	Ottoman Empire
1883–1885	Famine caused by failure of rainy seasons and drought.[180]	East Africa,Tanzania and Kenya
1888–1889	Famine in Orrisa, Ganjam and Northern Bihar	India	150,000
1888–1892	Ethiopian Great famine. About one-third of the population died.[181][182] Conditions worsen with cholera outbreaks (1889–92), a typhus epidemic, and a major smallpox epidemic (1889–90).	Ethiopia	1,000,000
1891–1892	Russian famine of 1891–1892. Beginning along the Volga River and spreading to the Urals and the Black Sea.	Russia	375,000–500,000[183][184]
1895–1898	Famine during the Cuban War of Independence	Cuba	200,000–300,000
1896–1902	Indian famine of 1896–1897 and Indian famine of 1899–1900 due to drought and British policies.[185][186][187]	India	2,000,000 (British territories), mortality unknown in princely states
1897–1901	Famine in East Africa, caused by drought and locust swarms. Resulted in increased grain prices, starvation and smallpox epidemic. Known as Yua ya Ngomanisye, meaning the famine that went everywhere[188]	East Africa, Kenya and Uganda
1900–1903	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	11,000–20,000[168]
1901	Northern Chinese Famine in Spring 1901, caused by drought from 1898-1901. The famine was one of the causes of the anti-imperialist Boxer rebellion.[189]	China (Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces) and Inner Mongolia	200,000 in Shaanxi province.
1904–1906	Famine in Spain[190][191][192]	Spain
1906–1907	Chinese famine of 1906–1907	China	20,000,000–25,000,000[193]
1913–1914	Famine, grain price rose "thirtyfold"[39]	Ethiopia
1914–1918	Mount Lebanon famine during World War I which was caused by the Entente and Ottoman blockade of food and to a swarm of locusts which killed up to 200,000 people, estimated to be half of the Mount Lebanon population[194]	Lebanon	200,000
1914–1919	Famine caused by the Allied blockade of Germany during World War I until Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.[195]	Germany	763,000
1917	Famine in German East Africa	German East Africa	300,000
1917–1919	Persian famine of 1917–1919	Iran	2,000,000,[196] but estimates range as high as 10,000,000[197]
1918–1919	Rumanura famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)[citation needed]
1919–1922	Kazakh famine of 1919–1922. A series of famines in Turkestan at the time of the Bolshevik revolution killed about a sixth of the population	Turkestan	[198]
1920–1921	Famine in northern China	China	500,000
1920–1922	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	24,000–25,000[168]
1921	Russian famine of 1921–1922	Russia	5,000,000[199]
1921–1922	1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan	Russia	500,000–2,000,000[200]
1921–1923	1921–1923 famine in Soviet Russian Ukraine	Ukraine	250,000–1,000,000[201]
1924–1925	Famine in Volga German colonies in Russia. One-third of the entire population perished[202][unreliable source?]	Russia
1924–1925	Minor famine in Ireland due to heavy rain	Irish Free State [citation needed]
1926	Famine in Darfur[203]	Darfur, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1928–1929	Famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)
1928–1930	Chinese famine of 1928–1930 in northern China. The drought resulted in millions of deaths	China	3,000,000–10,000,000
1930–1934	First Kere	Madagascar	500,000
1932–1933	Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including famine in Ukraine, and famine in Kazakhstan, caused by Soviet collectivization policy, abnormal cold period,[204] and bad harvests in the years of 1931–1932.[205]	Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR, and Kazakh ASSR	5,000,000[205]–7,000,000[206]
1939–1952	Famine in Spain caused primarily by the implementation of the autarkic economy	Spain	200,000[207][208]
1940–1943	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	20,000[168]
1940–1945	Famine in Warsaw Ghetto, as well as other ghettos and concentration camps (note: this famine was the result of deliberate denial of food to ghetto residents on the part of Nazis).[209]	Occupied Poland
1940–1948	Famine in Morocco between 1940 and 1948, because of refueling system installed by France.[210]	Morocco	200,000
1941–1944	Leningrad famine caused by a 900-day blockade by German troops. About a million Leningrad residents starved, froze, or were bombed to death in the winter of 1941–42, when supply routes to the city were cut off and temperatures dropped to −40 °C (−40 °F).[211] According to other estimates about 800,000 out of an immediate pre-siege population of about 2.5 million perished.[212]	Soviet Union	800,000–1,000,000
1941–1944	Famine in Greece caused by the Axis occupation.[213][214]	Greece	300,000
1941–1942	Famine in Kharkiv. In a city with a population of about 450,000 while under German occupation, there was a famine starting in the winter of 1941–42 that lasted until the end of September 1942. The local administration recorded 19,284 deaths between the second half of December 1941 and the second half of September 1942, thereof 11,918 (59.6%) from hunger.[215] The Foreign Office representative at Army High Command 6 noted on 25.03.1942 that according to reports reaching municipal authorities at least 50 people were dying of hunger every day, and that the true number might be much higher as in many cases the cause of death was stated as "unknown" and besides many deaths were not reported.[216] British historian Alex Kay estimates that at least 30,000 city inhabitants died in the famine.[217] According to Soviet sources about 70–80,000 people died of starvation in Kharkiv during the occupation by Nazi Germany.[218]	Soviet Union	30,000–80,000
1941–1943	Famine in Kyiv. On April 1, 1942, well after the first winter of famine, Kyiv officially had about 352,000 inhabitants. In the middle of 1943—more than four months before the end of German rule—the city officially had about 295,600. Death by starvation was not the only reason for the rapid decline in population: deportation to Germany and Nazi shootings also played their part. Nevertheless, starvation was an important factor.[219] British historian Alex Kay estimates that about 10,000 city inhabitants died of starvation.[217]	Soviet Union	10,000
1942–1943	Chinese famine of 1942–1943	Henan, China	700,000 − 3,000,000
1942–1943	Iranian famine of 1942–1943	Iran	4,000,000[220]
1943	Bengal famine of 1943	Bengal, British India	2,100,000
1943–1944	Ruzagayura famine in Ruanda-Urundi, causing emigrations to Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)	36,000–50,000
1943–1945	Famine in Hadhramaut	Yemen (present day)	10,000[221][222]
1943–1946	Second Kere	Madagascar	1,000,000
1944–1945	Java under Japanese occupation	Java, Indonesia	2,400,000[223]
1944–1945	Dutch famine of 1944–1945 during World War II[224]	Netherlands	20,000
1944–1945	Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945	Vietnam	600,000–2,000,000[225]
1945–1947	Famine in Königsberg (Kaliningrad)	Soviet Union	57,000–76,500[226]
1946–1947	Hungerwinter	Germany	>100,000[227][better source needed]
1946–1947	Soviet famine of 1946–1947, drought.	Soviet Union	1,000,000–1,500,000[228][229]
1946–1948	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	30,000[168]
1949	Nyasaland famine of 1949	Malawi	200
1950	1950 Caribou Inuit famine	Canada	60
1955–1958	Third Kere	Madagascar
1958	Famine in Tigray[39]	Ethiopia	100,000
1959–1961	The Great Chinese Famine[230][231][232] Some researchers also include the year 1958 or 1962.[233]	China (mainland)	15,000,000–55,000,000[231][234][235]
1966–1967	Lombok, drought and malnutrition, exacerbated by restrictions on regional rice trade	Indonesia	50,000[236]
1966–1967	Rice crisis[237]	Burma
1967–1970	Famine caused by Nigerian Civil War and blockade	Biafra	2,000,000
1968–1972	Sahel drought created a famine that killed a million people[238]	Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger and Burkina Faso	1,000,000 [citation needed]
1970–1972	Fourth Kere	Madagascar
1971–1973	Afghanistan drought	Afghanistan
1972	Politically induced famine	Burundi	300,000[239]
1972–1973	Famine in Ethiopia caused by drought and poor governance; failure of the government to handle this crisis led to the fall of Haile Selassie and to Derg rule	Ethiopia	60,000[240]
1973	Darfur drought	Darfur, Sudan	1,000
1974	Bangladesh famine of 1974[241]	Bangladesh	27,000–1,500,000 [citation needed]
1975–1979	Famine under Khmer Rouge rule. A maximum estimate of 500,000 Cambodians lost their lives to famine	Cambodia	500,000[242]
1980–1981	Caused by drought and conflict[240]	Uganda	30,000[240]
1980–1982	Fifth Kere	Madagascar
1982–1983	Sixth Kere	Madagascar	230,000+[243]
1982–1985	Famine caused by the Mozambican Civil War	Mozambique	100,000
1983–1985	1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia[244]	Ethiopia	400,000–600,000[245]
1984–1985	Famine caused by drought, economic crisis and the Second Sudanese Civil War	Sudan	240,000
1986–1987	Seventh Kere	Madagascar	7,600 in Antananarivo[246]
1988	Famine caused by the Second Sudanese Civil War	Sudan	100,000
1988–1989	Eighth Kere	Madagascar
1991–1992	Famine in Somalia caused by drought and civil war[240]	Somalia	300,000[240]
1992–1994	Ninth Kere	Madagascar
1993	1993 Sudan famine	Sudan	20,000[247]
1995–2000	North Korean famine.[248][249] Scholars estimate 600,000 died of starvation (other estimates range from 200,000 to 3.5 million).[250]	North Korea	200,000–3,500,000
1995–1996	Tenth Kere	Madagascar
1997–1998	Eleventh Kere	Madagascar
1998	1998 Sudan famine caused by war and drought	Sudan	70,000[240]
1998	1998 Afghanistan famine	Afghanistan
1998–2000	Famine in Ethiopia. The situation worsened by Eritrean–Ethiopian War	Ethiopia
1998–2004	Second Congo War. 2.7 million people died, mostly from starvation and disease	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2,700,000
2003–2005	Famine during the War in Darfur	Sudan	200,000
2004–2005	Twelfth Kere	Madagascar
2005–2006	2005–2006 Niger food crisis. At least three million were affected in Niger and 10 million throughout West Africa[251][252][253]	Niger and West Africa	47,755[254]
2009–2013	Thirteenth Kere	Madagascar
2011–2012	Famine in Somalia, brought on by the 2011 East Africa drought[255]	Somalia	285,000
2012	Famine in West Africa, brought on by the 2012 Sahel drought[256]	Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso
2014–2017	Fourteenth Kere	Madagascar
2016–present	Famine in Yemen, arising from the Yemeni Civil War and the subsequent blockade of Yemen by Saudi Arabia	Yemen	85,000 children as of 2017.[257] Unknown number of adults.
2017	Famine in South Sudan[258] Famine in Somalia, due to 2017 Somali drought. Famine in Nigeria	South Sudan, Unity State, Somalia, and Nigeria.
2020–present	Famine in the Tigray War[259]	Tigray, Ethiopia	150,000–200,000+[260]
2021–present	2021–present Madagascar famine	Madagascar
2021–present	Aftermath of the War in Afghanistan	Afghanistan
2023–present	Gaza Strip famine	Gaza Strip, Palestine	~367+[261][a]
2023–present	2024 Sudan famine	Sudan	1050+[262]
2024–present	2024 famine in Haiti	Haiti
2025-present	2025 hunger crisis in Syria	Syria

Table

See also

Main article lists

• Bengal famine
• Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union
• Famine in India
• Famines in the Czech lands
• Famines in Ethiopia
• Great Bengal famine of 1770
• Great Famine of 1876–1878
• Great Chinese Famine
• Holodomor
• List of famines in China
• North Korean famine
• Timeline of major famines in India during British rule

Other articles

• 2007–2008 world food price crisis
• 2010–2012 world food price crisis
• 2022–2023 food crises
• Disaster
• Famine Early Warning Systems Network
• Famine events
• Famine relief
• Famine scales
• Food security
• Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic
• List of natural disasters by death toll
• Live Aid
• Medieval demography
• Population decline
• Potato famine
• Starvation
• Theories of famines
• World population

Notes

1. With reporting access to Gaza heavily restricted, see Gaza Strip famine for more information on estimations of death attributable to famine in Gaza.