List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia

Several stratigraphic units in Colombia have provided fossils. The richest formations are the Devonian Cuche and Floresta Formations, the Cretaceous Paja Formation, the Paleocene Cerrejón Formation and the Miocene La Venta site. The latter is the richest Konzentrat-Lagerstätte in northern South America and comprises the formations of the Honda Group.

B

C

F

H

J

M

P

V

Co

Locations of major fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
Neogene
 V = La Venta: Honda Group
 Co = Cocinetas Basin: Ware & Castilletes Fms
Paleogene
 B = Bogotá Formation
 C = Cerrejón Formation
Cretaceous
 H = Hiló Formation
 P = Paja Formation
Jurassic
 J = Valle Alto Formation
Devonian
 F = Cuche and Floresta Formations
Cambro-Ordovician
 M = Serranía de la Macarena, Meta

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units

Formations are ordered according to their youngest age

	Age	Formations	Locations	Departments	Fossils	Image	Notes
Cenozoic	Holocene	Quaternary alluvium	Yumbo Turbaná	Valle del Cauca Bolívar	Stegomastodon waringi		[1] [note 1]
			Curití	Santander	collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), Cryptotis sp., Hydrochoerus sp., Mazama sp.		[2]
	Pleistocene (Lujanian)				Haplomastodon chimborazi		[2][3]
	Late Pleistocene	Sabana Fm.	Tibitó, Checua, Bosa, Guasca, Guatavita, Soacha, Tunjuelito, Mosquera, Tocancipá, Bogotá savanna	Cundinamarca	Cuvieronius hyodon, Equus amerhippus lasallei, Haplomastodon waringi or H. chimborazi		[3][4] [5][6] [7] [note 1]
		Soatá Fm.	Soatá	Boyacá	Colombibos atactodontus, Haplomastodon waringi		[8][9] [10][11]
					Neochoerus sp., Odocoileus salinae		[11]
	Middle Pleistocene		Quipile	Cundinamarca	Megatherium sp.		[12][13]
			Tocaima	Cundinamarca	Haplomastodon waringi		[12][13] [note 1]
	Pleistocene	Rotinet Fm.	Rotinet, Repelón	Atlántico	Haplomastodon waringi		[14][15] [16]
			Arboleda El Remolino, Taminango	Nariño	Haplomastodon sp.		[6] [note 1]
			Mercaderes	Cauca	Haplomastodon sp.		[6]
			Toro	Valle del Cauca	Stegomastodon sp.		[6]
			Medellín	Antioquia	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			El Cocuy, Duitama, Sáchica, Socotá, Tunja, Villa de Leyva	Boyacá	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6][18]
			Salamina	Caldas	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			Fusagasugá	Cundinamarca	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[19]
			Carrizal, Uribia	La Guajira	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			Cabrera & San Alfonso, Villavieja	Huila	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			Cúcuta, Pamplona	Norte de Santander	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6][20]
			Agualinda, Lebrija Vélez	Santander	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6][18]
			Ibagué, Ortega	Tolima	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			La Victoria, Zarzal	Valle del Cauca	Gomphotheriidae indet.		[6]
			Cocha Verde, Taminango	Nariño	Selenogonus nariñoensis		[21]
	Pliocene
	Piacenzian	Ware Fm. (3.4-2.78 Ma)[22]	Cocinetas Basin	La Guajira	Chapalmalania sp., Hydrochoeropsis wayuu, Tardigrada n. gen. & sp., Lestodontini n. gen. & sp., Cichlidae sp., Sciaenidae sp., Doradidae sp., Pimelodidae sp., Characidae sp., Cynodontidae sp., Serrasalmidae sp., Podocnemididae sp., Aves sp., Crocodylidae sp., Alligatoridae sp., Toxodontidae sp., Hydrochoeridae sp., Caviidae sp., Erethizontidae sp., Pampatheriidae sp., Megatheriidae sp., Glyptodontidae sp., Proterotheriidae sp., Camelidae sp., Myliobatidae sp., Pristidae sp., Carcharhinidae sp., Sphyrnidae sp., Megalonychidae n. gen. & sp., Mylodontidae n. gen. & sp., Scelidotheriinae n. gen. & sp.		[23][24] [25][26] [27][28] [29]
					Pliomegatherium lelongi, Nothrotherium sp.		[30][31]
	Late Miocene	Honda Gp.  Cerbatana Mb.	La Venta	Huila	Geochelone hesterna		[32]
	Serravallian (Laventan)	Honda Gp.  Villavieja Fm. (17.0-12.1 Ma)[33]  La Victoria Fm. (13.82-12.38 Ma)[34]	La Venta	Huila Tolima	Lycopsis longirostrus		[35][36]
					Dukecynus magnus		[36]
					Huilatherium pluriplicatum		[37][38]
					Granastrapotherium snorki		[38][39]
					Hapalops sp.		[40]
					Anachlysictis gracilis		[36]
					Theosodon sp.		[38]
					Hilarcotherium castanedaii		[41]
					Purussaurus neivensis		[42]
					Sebecus huilensis		[43]
					Charactosuchus fieldsi		[44]
					Chelus colombiana		[45][46]
					Colombophis portai		[47]
					Dracaena colombiana (syn. Paradracaena colombiana)		[48]
					?Eunectes stirtoni		[49]
					Gryposuchus colombianus		[50]
					Mourasuchus atopus		[51]
					Colossoma macropomum, Lepidosiren paradoxa, cf. Acanthicus, Arapaima sp., Brachyplatystoma cf. B. vaillanti, Brachyplatystoma promagdalena, cf. Corydoras sp., Hoplias sp., cf. Hoplosternum, Hydrolycus sp., Phractocephalus hemiliopterus, Serrasalmus sp., Pygocentrus sp., or Pristobrycon sp. (cf. Myletes sp.), Ariidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis, Characidae cf. Tetragonopterinae gen. et. sp., Cichlidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis, Doradidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis 1-3, Loricariidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis 1 & 2, Potamotrygonidae		[52][53] [54][55]
					Sylviocarcinus piriformis		[52]
					Hoazinoides magdalenae		[56]
					Galbula hylochoreutes		[57]
					Aramus paludigrus		[57]
					Aotus dindensis		[58]
					Nuciruptor rubricae		[59][60] [61]
					Stirtonia tatacoensis (syn. Kondous laventicus)		[59][61] [62][63]
					Stirtonia victoriae		[59][61] [64]
					Hondadelphys fieldsi		[36][65] [66]
					Neotamandua borealis		[40][67]
					Patasola magdalenae		[59][61]
					Potamosiren magdalenensis		[68]
					Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi		[38]
					Cebupithecia sarmientoi		[59][61] [69][70]
					Lagonimico conclucatus		[59][61]
					Micodon kiotensis		[59][71]
					Miocallicebus villaviejai		[59][72] [73]
					Mohanamico hershkovitzi		[59][61]
					Neosaimiri annectens (syn. Laventiana annectens)		[59][61] [74][75]
Neosaimiri fieldsi						[59][61]
Pachybiotherium minor						[36][76]
Micoureus laventicus						[36]
Thylamys colombianus						[36][77]
Thylamys minutus						[36][78]
Hondathentes cazador						[36][79]
Pitheculites chenche						[36][80]
Anadasypus hondanus						[36][81]
Pedrolypeutes praecursor						[36][82]
Nanoastegotherium prostatum						[36]
Scirrotherium hondaensis						[40][83]
Boreostemma gigantea (syn. Asterostemma)						[40][84]
Boreostemma acostae (syn. Asterostemma)						[85]
Neoglyptatelus originalis						[40][86]
Brievabradys laventensis						[40][87]
Huilabradys magdaleniensis						[88]
Pseudoprepotherium confusum						[40][89]
Neonematherium flabellatum						[40][90]
Microsteiromys jacobsi						[40]
Neoreomys huilensis						[40][91]
Microscleromys paradoxalis						[40]
Microscleromys cribiphilus						[40]
Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana						[92]
Scleromys colombianus						[61][93]
Scleromys schurmanni						[61][94]
Prodolichotis pridiana						[61]
Acarechimys minutissimus						[61]
Ricardomys longidens		[61]
Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis		[38][95]
Prothoatherium colombianus		[38][96]
Megadolodus molariformis		[38]
Villarroelia totoyoi		[38]
Pericotoxodon platignathus		[38]
Miocochilius anomopodus		[38]
Notonycteris magdalenensis		[97]
Notonycteris sucharadeus		[97]
Palynephyllum antimaster		[97]
Mormopterus colombiensis		[97]
Potamops mascahehenes		[97][98]
Kiotomops lopezi		[99][100]
Diclidurus sp.		[97]
Eumops sp.		[97]
Olenopsis sp.		[61]
?Steiromys sp.		[40]
Tonatia sp. or Lophostoma sp.		[97]
Dolichotinae sp.		[61]
Megatheriinae sp.		[40]
Nothrotheriinae sp.		[40]
?Echimyidae sp.		[61]
cane toad (Bufo marinus)		[101]
lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris)		[97]
LaVal's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera lavali)		[97]
Thyroptera robusta		[102]
Spix's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor)		[97]
Sincelejo Fm.	Calle Fría-Segovia	Sucre	Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus		[103]
Langhian	Castilletes Fm. (16.7-14.2 Ma)[22]	Cocinetas Basin	La Guajira	Lycopsis padillai, ?Hyperleptus sp., Astrapotheriidae, Odontoceti, Mysticeti, Glyptodontidae, Pampatheriidae, Macraucheniidae, Proterotheriidae, Leontinidae, Toxodontidae, Interatheriidae, Megatheriidae, Dinomyidae, Sirenia, Sparassodonta, Aves indet.		[35][104] [105]
				Chelus colombiana, Chelus sp., Chelonoidis sp., cf. Crocodylus sp., cf. Mourasuchus sp., cf. Purussaurus sp., Alligatoridae gen. et sp. indet., Boidae, Crocodylidae gen et sp. indet., cf. Eusuchia gen et sp. indet., Gavialoidea gen. et sp. indet., Podocnemididae incertae sedis		[106][107]
				Characidae, Serrasalmidae, Sciaenidae, Sparidae, Sphyraenidae, Ariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae, Pimelodidae, Carcharhinidae, Hemigaleidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Otodontidae, Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinopteridae, Ginglymostomatidae, Pristiophoridae, Pristidae, Rhynchobatidae, Rhynobatidae, Lepidosirenidae		[105]
				Calliostoma sp., Arene sp., Nerita cf. fulgurans, Neritina n. sp. aff. woodwadi, Modulus tamanensis, Turritella (Bactrospira) sp. cf. altilira, Turritella (Turritella) cocoditana, Turritella (Turritella) machapoorensis, Turritella (Turritella) matarucana, Architectonica (Architectonica) nobilis, Bittium sp., Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava) venada, Potamides suprasulcatus, Terebralia dentilabris, Petaloconchus sculpturatus, Bostrycapulus sp., Crepidula cantaurana, Crepidula insculpta, Crepidula plana, Calyptraea sp. cf. centralis, Crucibulum (Dispotaea) sp. cf. springvaleense, Aylacostoma n. sp., Doryssa n. sp., Sheppardiconcha n. sp., Charadreon n. sp., Natica sp., Naticarius sp., Glossaulax paraguanensis, Polinices sp. cf. nelsoni, Sinum gabbi, Stigmaulax sp., Strombus sp., Malea sp., Bursa rugosa, Ficus sp. cf. carbasea, Distorsio sp., Chicoreus (Triplex) sp. cf. cornurectus, Chicoreus (Triplex) corrigendum, Luria sp., Muracypraea sp. cf. hyaena, Calotrophon sp. cf. gatunensis, Cymia cocoditana, Eupleura kugleri, Hesperisternia sp., Phyllonotus n. sp., Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) cf. sawkinsi, Siratus cf. denegatus, Vokesimurex sp. cf. gilli, Antillophos sp. cf. gatunensis, Cymatophos cocoditana, Cymatophos paraguanensis, Gordanops sp. cf. baranoanus, Pallacera maracaibensis, Solenosteira sp., Granolaria sp. cf. gorgasiana, Latirus sp., Nassarius sp., Turbinella falconensis, Melongena consors, Anachis sp., Sincola sp., Strombina sp., Persicula venezuelana, Prunum quirosense, Agaronia sp. aff. testacea, Oliva sp., Aphera sp., Bivetiella sp. cf. gabbiana, Euclia sp. cf. dinota, Euclia werenfelsi, Narona sp., Trigonostoma woodringi, Conus sp. aff. jaspideus, Agladrillia sp., Crassispira conica, Fusiturricula sp., Gemmula vaningeni, Glyphostoma dentiferum, Paraborsonia cantaurana, "Chiton" sp., Saccella gnomon, Noetia dauleana, Bulla sp., Crenella sp., Brachidontes sp., Atrina sp., Argopecten sp., Anadara (Rasia) democraciana, Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis, Conus sp. cf. chipolanus, Conus sp. cf. molis, Conus talis, Strioterebrum ulloa, Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera, Clathrodrillia sp., Cruziturricula sp., Hindsiclava henekeni, Knefastia sp., Polystira sp., Adrana sp., Politoleda forcati, Anadara (Cunearca) zuliana, Anadara (Grandiarca) chiriquiensis, Anadara (Potiarca) inutilis, Anadara (Rasia) sp. cf. cornellana, Anadara (Tosarca) sp. cf. veatchi, Tucetona sp. cf. democraciana, Mytilus sp. cf. canoasensis, Anomia peruviana, Cavilinga sp., Lucinisca mirandana, Diplodonta sp., Harvella elegans, Mulinia sp., Raeta sp., Angulus sp., ?Macoma sp., Strigilla sp., Leopecten sp., Lindapecten buchivacoanus, Crassostrea sp., Dendostrea democraciana, Plicatula sp., Anodontia sp., Lucina sp. cf. pensylvanica, Phacoides sp. cf. pectinatus, Glyptoactis paraguanensis, Arcinella yaquensis, Chama berjadinensis, Dallocardia sp. cf. sanctidavidis, Apiocardia n. sp. aff. aminensis, Crassinella sp., Eucrassatella (Hybolophus) venezuelana, Micromactra maracaibensis, Eurytellina paraguanensis, Psammacoma falconensis, Psammotreta hadra, Donax sp., Tagelus (Mesopleura) n. sp. aff. divisus, Solecurtus sp., Solena sp., Abra sp., Agriopoma (Pitarella) paraguanensis, Hysteroconcha sp., Leukoma sp., Pitar sp., Transennella sp., Tenuicorbula n. sp. aff. lupina, Semele sp., Chione sp., Chionopsis paraguanensis, Clementia dariena, Cyclinella venezuelana, Dosinia sp., Lamelliconcha labreana, Lirophora quirosensis, Macrocallista n. sp. aff. maculata, Panchione n. sp. aff. macrtropsis, Caryocorbula fortis, Caryocorbula quirosana, Hexacorbula cruziana, Dentalium sp., Balanidae indet., Buccinidae indet., Callianassidae indet., Pectinidae indet., Portunidae indet., Ranellidae indet., Sphaeriidae indet., Sportellidae indet., Tellinidae indet., Turridae indet., Unioidae indet., Veneridae indet.		[108][109]
Burdigalian
Miocene	Honda Gp.	Coyaima	Tolima	Granastrapotherium snorki, Sebecus sp., Gavialis sp., Cochilius sp., Miocochilis sp., Scleromys sp., Dasypodidae sp., Leontiniidae sp., Megalonychidae sp., Toxodontidae sp.		[110][111] [112]
Late Oligocene
Early Oligocene		Pedeyita, Cartagena del Chairá	Caquetá	Eosteiromys sp.		[113]
	Barzalosa Fm.	Alto San Jose, Chaparral	Tolima	Balanerodus logimus		[114]
				Lophiodolodus chaparralensis		[115]
				Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis		[116]
				Protheosodon sp.		[117]
				Proadinotherium sp.		[118]
Late Eocene	Gualanday Gp.			Colombitherium tolimense		[113][119]
Early Eocene	Bogotá Fm.	Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá	Cundinamarca	Anemocardium margaritae, Etayoa bacatensis, Menispina evidens, Palaeoluna bogotensis, Stephania palaeosudamericana, Foveotriletes margaritae, Foveotricolpites perforatus, Hickeycarpum peltatum, Proxapertites operculatus, Ulmoideipites krempii, Carpolithus sp., Annonaceae sp., Arecaceae sp., Fabaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Malvaceae sp., Salicaceae sp., Salvinia sp., Theaceae sp., many still unnamed		[120][121] [122][123] [124][125] [126][127] [128]
Mid Paleocene
	Cerrejón Fm.	Cerrejón	Cesar La Guajira	Titanoboa cerrejonensis		[129][130]
				Carbonemys cofrinii		[131][132]
				Acherontisuchus guajiraensis		[133][134]
				Anthracosuchus balrogus		[135][136]
				Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki		[137][138]
				Cerrejonisuchus improcerus		[139][140]
				Puentemys mushaisaensis		[141][142]
				Aerofructus dillhoffi, Menispermites cerrejonensis, M. guajiraensis, Montrichardia aquatica, Petrocardium cerrejonense, P. wayuuorum, Stephania palaeosudamericana, Ulmoidicarpum tupperi, Acrostichum sp., Amaryllidaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Annonaceae sp., Apocynaceae sp., Araceae sp., Arecaceae sp., Dicotyledonae sp., Elaeocarpaceae sp., Euphorbiaceae sp., Fabaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Malvaceae sp., Malvoideae sp., Meliaceae sp., Monocotyledoneae sp., Moraceae sp., Pinales sp., Pteridophyta sp., Salicaceae sp., Salvinia sp., Sapotaceae sp., Stenochlaena sp., Sterculioideae sp., Violaceae sp., Zingiberales sp.		[123][143] [144][145] [146][147] [148][149] [150][151] [152][153] [154][155] [156][157]
				Proxapertites operculatus, Gemmatus phanocolpites gemmatus, Mauritidlites franciscoi, M. franciscoi var. pachyexinatus, Ctenolophonidites lisamae, Psilatriatriletes guaduensis, Foveotriletes cf. margaritae, Psilamonocolpites sp., Longapertites vaneenderburgi, Retidiporites magdalenensis		[158]
	Manantial Fm. Hato Nuevo Fm.	Ranchería Sub-basin	Cesar La Guajira	Rzehakina epigona, Globorotalia conicotruncana, Globigerina eugubina, Fovetriletes margaritae, Psilatriletes guaduensis, P. martinensis, Zonotricolpites cf. variabilis, Proxapertites opercutatus, P. maracaiboensis, P. humbertoides, Psilabrevitricolpites marginatus, Ctenolophonidites sp.		[158]
Early Paleocene
Paleocene	Guaduas Fm.	Zipaquirá Tasco	Cundinamarca Boyacá	Archaeopaliurus boyacensis, Bacumorphomonocolpites tausae, Buttinia andreevi, Coussapoa camargoi, Echimonocolpites echiverrucatus, E. protofranciscoi, Ficus andrewsi, Foveotriletes margaritae, Geonomites zipaquirensis, Mauritiidites franciscoi, Proxapertites humbertoides, P. operculatus, Psilatriletes martinensis, Retimonocolpites claris, Retricolpites belskii, Scabrastephanocolpites guaduensis, Spinozonocolpites echinatus, S. tausae, Syncolporites lisamae, Zonotricolpites lineaus, Berhamniphyllum sp., Dinogymniun sp.		[159][160] [161] [162][163]
Mesozoic							Maastrichtian
	Early Maastrichtian	Guadalupe Gp.	San Luis de Gaceno Cucaita	Cundinamarca Boyacá	Ophthalmoplax andina, ?Orthocarstenia clarki, ?O. cretacea, Ostrea tecticosta, Peroniceras (Gauthiericeras) bajuvaricum, Siphogenerinoides ewaldi		[164][165]
	Santonian
	Maastrichtian	Molino Fm.	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	Cesar La Guajira	Globotruncana fornicata, G. caniculata ventricosa, Globigerina cretacea, Gumbelina globulosa, G. excolta, Siphogenerinoides cretacea, S. bramlettei, Abathomphalus mayorensis, Guembelitria cretacea, Globorotruncanita conica, Gansserina gansseri, Racemiguembelina fructicosa, Heferohelix striata, H. navarroensis, Pseudoguembelina excolata, P. palpebra, Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Echitriporites suescae, Echimonocolpites ruedae, Foveotriletes margaritae, Mauritildites protofranciscoi, Psilatriletes guaduensis, Araucariacites sp., Rugutriletes sp., Proxapertites operculatus, P. psilatus, Spiniferites cf. ramosus, Achomosphaera sp., Dinogymnium sp.		[166][167]
	Campanian
		Oliní Gp.	Coello	Tolima	Eonatator coellensis		[168][169]
	Santonian	Conejo Fm.	Toca Cucaita	Boyacá	Archaeglobigerina blowi, Codazziceras scheibei, Dicarinella concavata, D. primitiva, Gloriaceras correai, Heterohelix globulosa, H. reussi, Lenticeras baltai, Marginotruncana angusticarenata, M. sp. ct. M. renzi, M. sp. cf. M. sinuosa, Protexamites cucaitaense, Protopholoe colombiana, Rosita tornicata, Sigalitruncana sigali, Whiteinella inornata, Baculites sp., Barroisiceras sp., Exogyra sp., Hedbergella sp., Peroniceras sp., Pryonocicloceras sp.		[170][171] [172][173] [174]
	Turonian
	Coniacian	La Luna Fm.	Sardinata Aguachica Lebrija Cesar-Ranchería Basin	Norte de Santander Santander Cesar La Guajira	Erichsenites mirabilis, Niceforoceras sp., Paralenticeras sp., Neoptychites sp., Holitoides sp., Fagesia sp., Prothocantoceras sp., Eucalycoceras sp., Cloleopoceras sp., Baroisiceras sp., Prionotropis sp., Baculites sp., Tissotis sp., Perinoceras aff. moureti, Whiteinella archeocretacea		[175] [167][176]
	Turonian
		La Frontera Fm.	Yaguará	Huila	Yaguarasaurus columbianus		[177][178]
				Boyacá Cundinamarca Huila	Anomia colombiana, Codazziceras ospinae, Coilopoceras cf. newelli, Hoplitoides ingens, H. cf. lagiraldae, H. wohltmanni, Kamerunoceras cf. turoniense, Neoptychites crassus, Vascoceras cf. constrictum, V. cf. venezolanum, Wrightoceras munieri, Inoceramus sp., Mammites sp., Prionocycloceras sp, ?Fagesia sp.		[179][180] [181]
	Coniacian	Loma Gorda Fm.	Aipe	Huila	Ankinatsytes venezolanus, Barroisiceras onilahyense, Codazziceras ospinae, Eulophoceras jacobi, Fagesia catinus, Hauericeras madagascarensis, Hoplitoides ingens, H. lagiraldae, Mitonia gracilis, Mytiloides kossmati, M. goppelnensis, M. scupini, Neoptychites cf. andinus, Paralenticeras sieversi, Paramammites sp., Peroniceras subtricarinatum, Prionocycloceras guayabanum, Reesidites subtuberculatum, Subprionotropis colombianus, Allocrioceras sp., Anagaudryceras sp., Anomia sp., Benueites sp., Choffaticeras sp., Dydimotis sp., Forresteria sp., Gauthiericeras sp., Morrowites sp., Nannovascoceras sp., Quitmaniceras sp.		[182]
	Turonian
	Early Turonian	Otanche Fm.	Otanche	Boyacá	Crioceratites cf. apricus		[175]
	Early Albian
	Turonian	Chipaque Fm.	Chipaque	Cundinamarca	Exogyra squamata, Ostrea syphax		[183][184] [185]
	Cenomanian
	Turonian	San Rafael Fm.	Pesca Samacá	Boyacá	Anomia colombiana, A. sp. cf. A. papyracea, Coilopoceras cf. lesseli, Hoplitoides cf. crassicostatus, H. cf. ingens, Kamerunoceras n. sp. aff. K. turoniense, Mammites nodosoidesappelatus, M. aff. afer, Mytiloides kossmati, M. mytiloides, M. subhercynicus, Ophthalmoplax spinosus, Paramammites cf. gracilis, Archaeoglobigerina sp., Clavihedbergella sp., Dicarinella sp., Globigerinelloides sp., Glyptoxoceras sp., Guembelitria sp., Hastigerinoides sp., Hedbergella sp., Helvetoglobotruncana sp., Heterohelix sp., Laeviheterohelix sp., Watinoceras sp., Whiteinella sp., Wrightoceras sp., ?Yubariceras sp.		[186][187]
	Cenomanian
	Late Cenomanian	Hondita Fm.	Aipe	Huila	Acanthoceras sp., Rhynchostreon sp.		[182]
	Cenomanian	Aguas Blancas Fm.	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	Cesar La Guajira	Ostrea scyfax, Exogyra toxaster, Choffatella decipiens, Cheloniceras sp., Pseudosaynella sp., Dufrenoyia sp., Turrulitas sp., Acanthoceras sp., ?Montelliceras sp., ?Calvoceras sp., Orbitolina conica texana, Heterohelix reussi, Marginotruncana sinuosa		[167][176]
	Aptian
	Early Albian	Hiló Fm.	Prado	Tolima	Actinoceramus munsoni, A. aff. subsulcatiformis, Beudanticeras cf. rebouli, Desmoceras latidorsatum, Eubrancoceras cf. aegoceratoides, Exogyra aff. texana, Goodhallites aguilerae, Inoceramus anglicus, I. cf. cadottensis, I. aff. dunveganensis, I. aff. etheridgei, I. cf. ewaldi, I. aff. irenensis, I. prefragilis, I. cf. richensis, Lyelliceras pseudolyelli, Mojsisovicsia evansi, Mortoniceras arietiforme, Neocomiceramus neocomiensis, Neoharpoceras hugardianum, Oxytropidoceras intermedium, O. karsteni, O. laraense, O. multicostatum, O. nodosum, O. peruvianum, ?O. robustum, O. venezolanum, Prolyelliceras gevreyi, P. prorsocurvatum, Puzio media, Tegoceras mosense, Acompsoceras sp., ?Bositra sp., Camptonectes sp., Entolium sp., Hamites sp., Hysteroceras sp., Mariella sp., Ostrea sp., Phelopteria sp., ?Syncyclonema sp.		[188][189] [190][191] [192][193] [194][195] [196][197] [198][199] [200][201] [202][203] [204][205] [206][207] [208][209]
	Early Albian	Capotes Fm.	Bituima	Cundinamarca	Douvilleiceras solitae, Neodeshayesites columbianus, Paracrioceras sp.		[175][210]
	Barremian
	Late Aptian	Yuruma Fm. Apón Fm.	South of Cuiza	La Guajira	Astarte cf. sieversi, Cheloniceras cf. subnodosocostatum, Crassatella cf. caudata, Cymatoceras perstriatum, Deshayesites aff. codazzianus, Hamites degenhardtii, Heinzia galeatoides, H. lindigii, H. aff. provincialis, Heteroceras cf. helicoceroides, Karsteniceras beyrichii, Nicklesia alicantensis, N. cf. colombiana, N. didayana, N. dumasiana, N. lenticulata, Parahoplites obliquus, Pedioceras caquesensis, P. undulatum, Phylloceras morelianum, P. velledae, Pinna robinaldina, Pseudoaustraliceras ramososeptatum, Pseudohaploceras aff. liptoviense, Psilotissotia maxima, Ptychoceras humboldtianum, Pulchellia caicedi, P. communis, P. elegans, P. fasciata, P. galeata, P. hettneri, P. multicostata, P. pseudokarsteni, P. radians, P. robusta, P. royoi, Trigonia tocaimaana, Valdedorsella inca, Zurcherella zurcheri, Colombiceras sp., Eogaudryceras sp., Exogyra sp., Paraspiticeras sp., Uhligella sp.		[211][212] [213]
	Early Barremian
	Late Aptian	Caballos Fm. Yaví Fm.	Alpujarra	Tolima	Araucarites sp., Brachyphyllum sp., Cladophlebis sp., Weichselia sp.		[214]
		El Peñón Fm.	El Peñón	Cundinamarca	Cheloniceras sp., Epicheloniceras sp. aff. carlosacostai		[210]
		Socotá Fm.	Útica	Cundinamarca	Acanthoplites (?) leptoceratiforme, Dufrenoyia sanctorum, Parahoplites (?) hubachi, Stoyanowiceras treffryanus		[179]
	Aptian	Trincheras Fm.	Apulo	Cundinamarca	Heminautilus etheringtoni, Cheloniceras sp., Heinzia sp., Pseudohaploceras sp., bryozoans, molluscs, echinoids		[215]
	Early Aptian	Une Fm. Caballos Fm.	Firavitoba Payandé	Boyacá Tolima	Heminautilus etheringtoni		[216]
	Aptian	Paja Fm.	Villa de Leyva Sáchica	Boyacá	Kronosaurus boyacensis		[217]
					Callawayasaurus colombiensis		[218]
					Padillasaurus leivaensis		[219]
					Platypterygius sachicarum		[220]
					Desmatochelys padillai		[221]
					Brachauchenius sp.		[222]
					Stenorhynchosaurus munozi		[223]
					Muiscasaurus catheti		[224]
					Leyvachelys cipadi		[223][225]
					Bellcarcinus aptiensis, Cenomanocarcinus vanstraeleni, Colombicarcinus laevis, Joeranina colombiana, J. kerri, Notopocorystes kerri, Planocarcinus johnjagti, Rathbunassa gen. et sp. nov., Telamonocarcinus antiquus		[226][227] [228][229] [230]
					Acanthoptychoceras triumphyi, Acrioceras julivertii, Ancyloceras vandenheckii velezianum, Buergliceras buerglii, Colchidites apolinari, C. breistrofferi, Crioceratites leivaensis, C. tener, C. aff. emerici, Frenelopsis cf. ramosissima, Karsteniceras beyrichi, Karsteniceras multicostatum sp. nov., Macroscaphites yvani disjuncticostatus, Monsalveiceras monsalvense, Nicklesia pulchella, Pedioceras asymmetricum, P. ubaquense, Protanisoceras creutzbergi, Pseudoaustraliceras columbiae, Pseudocrioceras simitiense, Pseudohaploceras incertum, Ptychoceras aff. puzosianum, Teredolites clavatus, Dufrenoyia sp., Gerhardtia sp., Heinzia sp., Olcostephanus sp., Phylloceras sp., Prodesheyesites sp., Pseudofrenelopsis sp., Pulchellia sp., Toxancycloceras sp., Valdedorsella sp.		[222][231] [232][233] [234][235] [236]
	Hauterivian		Chipatá	Santander	Hamiticeras chipatai		[232]
		Ritoque Fm.	Villa de Leyva	Boyacá	Valanginites santafecinus, Acanthodiscus sp., Favrella sp., Subastieria sp.		[237]
		Tibasosa Fm.	Arcabuco Santa Rosa de Viterbo	Boyacá	Subsaynella boyacaensis n. sp., Thurmanniceras santarosanum n. sp., ?Pseudohaploceras sp.		[238][239]
		Rosablanca Fm.	Arenal del Sur Simití Socorro Zapatoca	Bolívar Santander	Diaulax rosablanca, Natica cf. bulimoides, Toxaster roulini, Trigonia transitoria quintucoensis, Acanthodiscus sp., Crioceras sp., Favrella sp., Hamulina sp., ?Kilianella sp., Nicklesia sp., Olcostephanus sp. Pseudohaploceras sp., Thurmanniceras sp.		[240][241] [242]
	Valanginian
		Murca Fm.	Ubalá Labranzagrande	Cundinamarca Boyacá	Berriasella colombiana, Leptoceras ublanese n. sp., Pseudoosterella ubalaensis		[243][244] [245][246] [247][248]
	Berriasian
	Early Berriasian	Arcabuco Fm.	Chíquiza	Boyacá	Dinosaur footprints		[249]
	Tithonian
	Late Jurassic	Valle Alto Fm.	San Félix, Salamina	Caldas	Piazopteris branneri, Cladophlebis sp., Classopollis sp., Ctenozamites sp., Desmiophyllum sp., Gleichenites sp., Nilssoniopteris sp., Otozamites sp., Pachypteris sp., Ptilophyllum sp., Rhabdoderas sp., Sagenopteris sp., Sandlingites sp., Sphenopteris sp., Substeuroceras sp., Trigonia sp., Zamites sp.		[250][251] [note 2]
	Kimmeridgian	Coquina Gp.  Jipi Fm.	Serranía de Cocinas	La Guajira	Adelocoenia dendroidea, Allocoenia trochiformis, Halysitastraea columbiana n. gen. n. sp., Stylina micrommata, Thamnasteria dendroidea, Calamophylliopsis sp., Calamophyllia sp., Heliocoenia sp., Isastrea sp., Pholadomya sp., Algae indet., Bryozoa indet., Gastropoda indet., Porifera indet.		[252]
	Late Triassic	Saldaña Fm.  Chicalá Mb.	Payandé, San Luis	Tolima	Cycloceltites cowichanensis, Lissonites canadensis, Peripleurites boeckhi, Peripleurites roemeri, Rhabdoceras suessi		[253][254] [255]
	Middle Triassic	Payandé Fm.	Payandé	Tolima	Cidaris cf. hausmanni, C. cf. scrobiculata, Costatoria jaworskii, Gruenewaldia multicostata, Isocrinus aff. trechmanni, Metasibirites annulosus, M. tolimensis n. sp., Monotis subcircularis, Myophorigonia ex gr. paucicostata, Rhabdoceras ex gr. suessi, Spiriferina abichi, Zygopleura cf. modestum, Z. cf. sturi, Z. cf. subanthophylloides, Coenothyris sp., ?Discophyllites sp., Gervillella sp., Homomya sp., Leptochondria sp., ?Limatula sp., Loxonema sp., Megalodon sp., ?Myophoria sp., ?Oxynautilus sp.,?Pleuromya sp., ?Pomarangina sp., Schafhaeutlia sp., ?Wittenburgella sp., Brachiopoda indet., Crinoidea indet.		[256][257] [258][259]
Paleozoic	Middle Permian	Palmarito Fm.	Río Molino	Magdalena	Mooreoceras sp.		[260]
			Quebrada Manaure	La Guajira	Perrinites hilli, Eumedlicottia sp., ?Stearoceras sp.		[261]
	Early Permian
	Mid Carboniferous
	Early Carboniferous	Cuche Fm.	Floresta	Boyacá	Antarctilamna sp., Asterolepis sp., Bothriolepis sp., Holoptychius sp., ?Strepsodus sp., ?Ginkgo lamariensis, Baiera sp., Welleria sp., Lingula sp.		[262][263]
	Frasnian
	Early Givetian	Floresta Fm.			Platyceras aff. nodosum		[262][264]
					Placoderm fishes, Colombianaspis carvalhoae gen. et sp. nov., Schizobolus pilasiensis sp. nov., Tarijactinoides sp. nov., Anchiopsis armata, Barroisella sp., Belenopyge contusa, Cordania gasepiou, Coronura cf. lessepsensis, Dechenella boteroi, Dipleura cf. dekayi, Greenops cf. grabaui, Kettneraspis callicera, Mannopyge sp., Synphoria stemmata, ?Tarutiglossa sp., Viaphacops cristata, Acrospirifer olssoni, Anoplotheca cf. silvetii, Atrypa harrisi, Australospirifer cf. antarcticus, Aviculopecten wellsi, Brachyspirifer palmerae, Camarotoechia dotis, Chonetes cf. billingsi, C. comstockii, C. cf. stubeli, Chonostrophia knodi, Cyclotrypa boyaca, C. carribeana, C. dickeyi, C. reticulata, C. stellata, Cymostrophia dickeyi, C. schucherti, C. waringi, Cypricardinia cf. subindenta, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Dalmanites cf. patacamayaensis, Dechenella boteroi, Dictyostrophia cooperi, Elytha colombiana, Eodevonaria imperialis, Favosites aff. hamiltonensis, Fenestrellina colombiana, F. olssoni, F. acuta, F. quadrata, F. harrisi, Fistulipora anomala, F. megalopora, Florestacanthus morenoi, Greenops cf. grabaui, Heliophyllum halli, Intrapora fragilis, I. megalopora, Leiorhynchus mysia, Leptaena boyaca, Megastrophia hopkinsi, M. pygmaea, Meristella wheeleri, Nucleospira concinna, Meganteris australis, Odontopleura callicera, Pentagonia gemmisulcata, Phacops cf. salteri, Pholidops florestae, Platyostoma lineata, Pleurodictyum americanum, Polypora elegantula, P. granulifera, Prismopora inornata, Schellwienella goldringae, Semicoscinium colombiensis, S. minutum, Spinocyrtia cf. valenteana, Spinulicosta spinulicosta, Spirifer kingi, Strophonella floweri, S. meridionalis, Sulcoretepora olssoni, S. subramosa, Taeniopora florestae, Tropidoleptus carinatus, Unitrypa casteri, Viaphacops cristata, Acanthograptus sp., Actinopteria sp, Amphigenia sp., Anthozoa sp., Aviculopecten sp., Camarotoechia sp., Cryptonella sp., Cyphaspis sp., Cryphaeus sp., Dalmanites sp., Derbyina sp., Gastropoda sp., Grammysia sp., Homalonotus sp., Leptostrophia sp., Mediospirifer sp., Orthoceras sp., Ostracoda sp., Orthis sp., Paraspirifer sp., Proetus sp., Pterinea sp., Strophodonta sp., Thamnopora sp., Vitulina sp.		[264][265] [266][267]
	Late Emsian
	Devonian	Río Cachirí Gp.	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	Cesar La Guajira	Acrospirifer olssoni; Spirifer kingi, Leptaena boyaca, Fenestella venezuelansis, Neospirifer latus, Composita subtilita, Phricodrotis planoconvexa, Pecten sp.		[268]
	Early Devonian
	Silurian
	Late Ordovician
	Middle Ordovician		Caño Cristales	Meta	Dichograptus sp., Tetragraptus sp., ?Lingulella sp., ?Obolus sp.		[269]
	Darriwilian	El Higado Fm. Venado Fm.	Tarqui	Huila	Acodus deltatus, Anebolithus tafuri, Costiconus iniquus, ?Costiconus cf. ethingtoni, Cryptograptus tricornis, Didymograptus artus, Didymograptus murchisoni, Drepanodus robustus, Drepanoistodus cf. tablepointensis, Hallograptus bimucronatus, Ogygiocarella cf. debuchii, Ogygiocaris cf. macrops, ?Paltodus deltifer, Parapaltodus simplicissimus, Paroistodus numarcuatus, Protolloydolithus cf. salax, Protopanderodus rectus, Semiacontiodus cf. cornuformis, Scolapodus striatus, Cerninella sp., Cordylodus sp., Glyptograptus sp., ?Obolus sp., Porterfieldia sp., Schizocrania sp., Asaphidae sp.		[270][271]
	Floian
	Early Ordovician	?Guapayito Fm.	Guaviare River Serranía de la Macarena	Meta	Acrotreta sp., ?Apheoorthis sp., Basiliella sp., Geragnostus sp., Kainella sp., ?Leptoplastides sp., Lingulella sp., Megistaspis sp., ?Nanorthis sp., ?Niobella sp., ?Pseudokainella sp., Raphiophorus sp., Symphysurus sp., ?Tropidodiscus sp., Tropidopyge sp., ?Westergaardia sp.		[272][273]
	Cambrian	Duda Fm.	El Dorado	Meta	Paradoxides sp.		[274]
Proterozoic

Proposed reclassification of South American gomphotheres

Main article: List of gomphothere fossils in South America

Some authors, Lucas, Mothé, Avilla et al., propose a reclassification of the South American gomphotheres as follows:^{[275][276][277][278]}

• Stegomastodon (Pohlig 1912) is an exclusively North American genus
• Haplomastodon (Hoffstetter 1950) is a South American genus, but synonymous with Notiomastodon (Cabrera 1929)
• as Notiomastodon was defined earlier, all Haplomastodon species should be considered part of Notiomastodon
• all formerly described species as Stegomastodon sp., Haplomastodon sp. and Notiomastodon sp. belong to a single species; Notiomastodon platensis
• Cuvieronius (Osborn 1923) is the only remaining South American genus outside of Notiomastodon

Evolution

• Lucas (2010, 2013) proposes that Notiomastodon evolved from Cuvieronius inside South America^[275]
• Mothé et al. (2012, 2015, 2016) propose that Notiomastodon and Cuvieronius reached South America in two separate migration waves^[279]

See also

• Colombia portal
• Paleontology portal

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Venezuela
• List of mining areas in Colombia
• South American land mammal age
• Gomphothere fossils in Colombia
• Geology of Colombia
  • Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
  • Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
  • Geology of the Eastern Hills of Bogotá