Mid back unrounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɤ̞⟩ or ⟨ʌ̝⟩ in IPA From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Although there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back unrounded vowel between close-mid [ɤ] and open-mid [ʌ]. Because no language is known to distinguish all three, ⟨ɤ⟩ is normally used. If more precision is desired, diacritics can be used, such as ⟨ɤ̞⟩ or ⟨ʌ̝⟩.
Mid back unrounded vowel | |
---|---|
ɤ̞ | |
ʌ̝ | |
IPA number | 315 430 |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | ɤ̞ |
Unicode (hex) | U+0264 U+031E |
Features
- Its vowel height is mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-back.
- It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulgarian[1] | път | [pɤ̞t̪] | 'path' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɤ⟩ in broad transcriptions. See Bulgarian phonology | |
Chinese | Shanghainese[2] | 渠 | [kɤ̞¹] | 'ditch' | Tends to be diphthongized to [ɤ̞ɯ̞] by younger speakers.[2] |
English | Cardiff[3] | plus | [pl̥ʌ̝s] | 'plus' | May be [ə], [ɜ], [ɜ̟] or [ë̞] instead.[3] It corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩. |
Norfolk[4] | Corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩. See English phonology | ||||
Philadelphia[5] | [pɫ̥ʌ̝s] | May be either open-mid [ʌ] or a lowered and unrounded /uː/ ([ɯ̽]) instead.[5] It corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩. See English phonology | |||
Gayo[6] | kule | [kuˈlɤ̞ː] | 'tiger' | One of the possible allophones of /ə/.[6] | |
German | Chemnitz dialect[7] | Schirm | [ʃʌ̝ˤːm] | 'umbrella' | Pharyngealized; may be an opening diphthong [ɪːɒ̯] instead.[7] |
Ibibio[8] | [dʌ̝k˦] | 'enter' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩.[8] | ||
Vietnamese | Hanoi[9] | tờ | [t̻ɤ̞˧˨] | 'sheet' | Realization of /ɤ/ (also transcribed in IPA with ⟨ə⟩) according to Kirby (2011). See Vietnamese phonology |
See also
Notes
References
External links
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