Open-mid central unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɜ⟩ in IPA From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Open-mid central unrounded vowel

The open-mid central unrounded vowel, or low-mid central unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɜ (formerly ). The IPA symbol is not the digit 3 or the Cyrillic small letter Ze (з). The symbol is instead a reversed Latinized variant of the lowercase epsilon, ɛ. The value was specified only in 1993; until then, ɜ was an alternative symbol for the mid central unrounded vowel [ə].

Quick Facts ɜ, IPA number ...
Open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɜ
IPA number326
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɜ
Unicode (hex)U+025C
X-SAMPA3
Braille
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More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...
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The ɜ letter may be used with a raising diacritic ɜ̝, to denote the mid central unrounded vowel. It may also be used with a lowering diacritic ɜ̞, to denote the near-open central unrounded vowel.

Conversely, ə, the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a lowering diacritic ə̞ to denote the open-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more specifically written with an additional unrounding diacritic ə̞͑ to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA ə is undefined for rounding).

Features

Occurrence

More information Language, Word ...
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
AfrikaansStandard[2]lig[lə̞χ]'light'Also described as mid [ə],[3] typically transcribed in IPA with ə. See Afrikaans phonology
Cotabato Manobo[4][bätɜʔ]'child'Allophone of /a/ before glottal consonants; may be transcribed in IPA with ʌ.[4]
Dutch[5]grappig[ˈχɾɑpə̞χ]'funny'Possible realization of /ə/.[5] See Dutch phonology
Emilian Bolognese métter [ˈmet̪ːɜr] 'to put' [citation needed]
EnglishOhio[6]bud[bɜd]'bud'One realization of the vowel transcribed in IPA with ʌ in American English, typical of Midland or Southern American English. It is not a standard pronunciation throughout the whole country.[7][6]
Most Texas speakers[6]
Northern Wales[8]Some speakers.[8] Corresponds to /ə/ in other Welsh dialects.[9]
Scottish[10][bɜ̠d]Somewhat retracted; may be more back /ʌ/ instead.
GermanChemnitz dialect[11]passe[ˈb̥ɜsə]'[I] pass'Typically transcribed in IPA with a.
Many speakers[12]herrlich[ˈhɜːlɪç]'fantastic'Common alternative to the diphthong [ɛɐ̯].[12] See Standard German phonology
Hausa[13][example needed]Possible allophone of /a/, which can be as close as [ə] and as open as [ä].[13]
Jebero[14][ˈkɘnmɜʔ]'indigenous person'Allophone of /a/ in closed syllables.[14]
Kaingang[15][ˈɾɜ]'mark'Varies between central [ɜ] and back [ʌ].[16]
Kalagan Kaagan[17][mɜˈt̪äs]'tall'Allophone of /a/; may be transcribed in IPA with ʌ.[17]
Kallahan[18][example needed]
LadinGherdëinaUrtijëi[uʀtiˈʒɜi̯]UrtijëiWhen stressed usually spelled with the letter ë.
Neapolitan Central Basilicatan varieties (Appennine Area) pesäre [pəˈsɜrə] or [pəˈsɜ̃rə] 'to weigh' Nasalization [ɜ̃] occurs in dialects such as Accetturese.[19]
Paicî[20]rë[ɾɜ]'they' (prefix)May be transcribed in IPA with ʌ.
RomanianStandard[21]măr[mə̞r]'apple'Typically transcribed in IPA with ə. See Romanian phonology
Transylvanian varieties of Romanian[22]a[aˈʂɜ]'such'Corresponds to [ä] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
SamaSibutu[23][ˈsäpɜw]'roof'Allophone of /a/; may be transcribed in IPA with ʌ.[23]
Sindhi[24][sə̞rə̞]'funeral'Typically transcribed in IPA with ə.
Temne[25]pʌs[pɜ́s]'brew'Typically transcribed in IPA with ʌ.[25]
YiddishStandard[26]ענלעך[ˈɛnlɜχ]'similar'Unstressed vowel.[26] See Yiddish phonology
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See also

Notes

References

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