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Near-close back unrounded vowel
Vowel sound in some languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The near-close back unrounded vowel, or near-high back unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of a vowel sound, used in a few spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as [ɯ̞] (lowered ⟨ɯ⟩) or as [ɤ̝] (raised ⟨ɤ⟩).
By analogy to ⟨ʊ⟩, a near-close near-back unrounded vowel or near-high near-back unrounded vowel may also be described, and can be represented in the IPA as [ɯ̽] (mid-centralized ⟨ɯ⟩) or [ɯ̞̈] (lowered and centralized ⟨ɯ⟩). It may also be transcribed as [ʊ̜] (less rounded ⟨ʊ⟩), but because ⟨ʊ⟩ is defined by the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association as rounded (whereas ⟨ə⟩ and ⟨ɐ⟩ do not specify rounding),[2] the symbol [ʊ̜] can also signify a weakly rounded [ʊ], rather than the fully unrounded vowel that is described in this article. In his Accents of English, John C. Wells transcribes this vowel with the para-IPA symbol ⟨ω⟩,[3] though Sinological phonetic notation uses this symbol for a different vowel.
Some phoneticians argue that all lip position inverses of the primary cardinal vowels are centralized (with the exception of ⟨ɒ⟩) based on formant acoustics,[4] so that there may be no substantial difference between a near-close back unrounded vowel [ɯ̞] and its near-back counterpart [ɯ̽].
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Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, also known as near-high, which means the tongue is not quite so constricted as a close vowel (high vowel).
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-back.
- It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
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Occurrence
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Notes
References
External links
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