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Near-close back unrounded vowel

Vowel sound in some languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The near-close back unrounded vowel, or near-high back unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of a vowel sound, used in a few spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as [ɯ̞] (lowered ɯ) or as [ɤ̝] (raised ɤ).

Quick facts ɯ̞, ɤ̝ ...
Quick facts ɯ̽, ɯ̞̈ ...
More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...

By analogy to ʊ, a near-close near-back unrounded vowel or near-high near-back unrounded vowel may also be described, and can be represented in the IPA as [ɯ̽] (mid-centralized ɯ) or [ɯ̞̈] (lowered and centralized ɯ). It may also be transcribed as [ʊ̜] (less rounded ʊ), but because ʊ is defined by the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association as rounded (whereas ə and ɐ do not specify rounding),[2] the symbol [ʊ̜] can also signify a weakly rounded [ʊ], rather than the fully unrounded vowel that is described in this article. In his Accents of English, John C. Wells transcribes this vowel with the para-IPA symbol ω,[3] though Sinological phonetic notation uses this symbol for a different vowel.

Some phoneticians argue that all lip position inverses of the primary cardinal vowels are centralized (with the exception of ɒ) based on formant acoustics,[4] so that there may be no substantial difference between a near-close back unrounded vowel [ɯ̞] and its near-back counterpart [ɯ̽].

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