Nucleolin

Nucleolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene.^[5][6]

NCL
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2FC8, 2FC9, 2KRR
Identifiers
Aliases	NCL, C23, nucleolin, Nsr1
External IDs	OMIM: 164035; MGI: 97286; HomoloGene: 136488; GeneCards: NCL; OMA:NCL - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q37.1 Start 231,453,531 bp[1] End 231,483,641 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 C5|1 43.94 cM Start 86,272,441 bp[2] End 86,287,122 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone ganglionic eminence appendix body of pancreas smooth muscle tissue Achilles tendon left ovary right ovary epithelium of colon sural nerve Top expressed in tail of embryo yolk sac epiblast genital tubercle neural layer of retina primary oocyte secondary oocyte zygote ventricular zone placenta More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding telomeric DNA binding protein C-terminus binding protein binding RNA binding identical protein binding nucleic acid binding DNA topoisomerase binding mRNA 5'-UTR binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane nucleoplasm cell cortex nucleolus cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule extracellular exosome nucleus ribonucleoprotein complex Biological process positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I angiogenesis positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus negative regulation of translation cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4691 17975 Ensembl ENSG00000115053 ENSMUSG00000026234 UniProt P19338 P09405 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005381 NM_010880 RefSeq (protein) NP_005372 NP_035010 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 231.45 – 231.48 Mb Chr 1: 86.27 – 86.29 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Gene

The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. Intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20.^[7]

Function

Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.

Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII).^[8]

Clinical significance

Midkine and pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.^[9][10]

Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein.^[11] Interference with the nucleolin–RSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Interactions

Nucleolin has been shown to interact with:

• MTDH,^[16]
• CSNK2A2,^[17]
• Centaurin, alpha 1,^[18]
• HuR,^[19]
• NPM1,^[20]
• P53,^[21]
• PPP1CB,^[22]
• S100A11,^[23]
• Sjögren syndrome antigen B,^[24]
• TOP1,^[25][26] and
• Telomerase reverse transcriptase.^[27]