優 - Wikiwand

See also: 优

優	U+512A, 優 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-512A

← 儩
[U+5129]

CJK Unified Ideographs

儫 →
[U+512B]

㊝	U+329D, ㊝ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EXCELLENT

← ㊜
[U+329C]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㊞ →
[U+329E]

Translingual

Han character

優 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+15, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人一月水 (OMBE), four-corner 2124₇, composition ⿰亻憂)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 120, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1261
Dae Jaweon: page 254, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 233, character 4
Unihan data for U+512A

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	優
simp.	优^*

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 優 ...

Historical forms of the character 優
Small seal script s05803 Transcribed ancient scripts L33551 L33552 L33553 L11732 L11733
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (憂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
憂	*qu
優	*qu
瀀	*qu
櫌	*qu
鄾	*qu
嚘	*qu
耰	*qu
獶	*qu
纋	*qu
懮	*quʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qu): semantic 亻 + phonetic 憂 (OC *qu).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōu (you¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yiu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yîu

(Hailu, HRS): rhiu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): yiu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): iŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iu

(Teochew, Peng'im): iu¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: you
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹
  - Yale: yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau¹
  - Yale: yāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiu³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîu
  - Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯iu̯²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîu
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯iu̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhiu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /iu⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: iu¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: iu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu
  - Tâi-lô: iu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /iu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹ieu
  - MiniDict: ieu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ʏ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'juw

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	優
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於求切
Baxter	'juw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuw/
Li Rong	/ʔiu/
Wang Li	/ĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)u/

(Zhengzhang): /*qu/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	優
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)u/
English	entertainer; liberal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	優
Reading #	1/1
No.	15494
Phonetic component	憂
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憂
Old Chinese	/*qu/

Definitions

優

generous; abundant; ample
excellent; superior
(literary, or in compounds) to give preferential treatment
(dated) actor; entertainer
(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (Cantonese) to pull up (pants or socks)
a surname, You

Synonyms

(generous):

edit

優厚 / 优厚 (yōuhòu)
充牣 (chōngrèn) (literary)
充盈 (chōngyíng)
博大 (bódà)
宏富 (hóngfù) (literary)
富足 (fùzú)
寬裕 / 宽裕 (kuānyù)
從容 / 从容
滿盈 / 满盈 (mǎnyíng) (literary)
盎然 (àngrán)
豐厚 / 丰厚 (fēnghòu)
豐富 / 丰富 (fēngfù)
豐滿 / 丰满 (fēngmǎn)
豐盛 / 丰盛 (fēngshèng)
豐碩 / 丰硕 (fēngshuò)
豐足 / 丰足 (fēngzú)
饒 / 饶 (ráo)

(to give preferential treatment):

edit

優待 / 优待 (yōudài)
優遇 / 优遇 (yōuyù)
厚待 (hòudài)
照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
知遇 (zhīyù) (literary)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “excellent”): 劣 (liè)

Compounds

伊優 / 伊优
伶優 / 伶优
倡優 / 倡优 (chāngyōu)
俳優 / 俳优 (páiyōu)
俳優體 / 俳优体
優伶 / 优伶 (yōulíng)
優假 / 优假
優優 / 优优
優先 / 优先 (yōuxiān)
優先權 / 优先权 (yōuxiānquán)
優劣 / 优劣 (yōuliè)
優勝 / 优胜 (yōushèng)
優勝劣敗 / 优胜劣败
優勢 / 优势 (yōushì)
優勢種 / 优势种 (yōushìzhǒng)
優厚 / 优厚 (yōuhòu)
優哉游哉 / 优哉游哉 (yōuzāiyóuzāi)
優地槽 / 优地槽
優境學 / 优境学
優婆塞 / 优婆塞 (yōupósè)
優婆夷 / 优婆夷 (yōupóyí)
優孟衣冠 / 优孟衣冠
優容 / 优容
優弧 / 优弧
優待 / 优待 (yōudài)
優待券 / 优待券
優待月票 / 优待月票
優恤 / 优恤
優惠 / 优惠 (yōuhuì)
優惠待遇 / 优惠待遇
優惠關稅 / 优惠关税
優撫 / 优抚 (yōufǔ)
優曇華 / 优昙华
優柔 / 优柔
優柔寡斷 / 优柔寡断 (yōuróuguǎduàn)
優格 / 优格 (yōugé)
優樂 / 优乐
優比 / 优比
優洽 / 优洽
優游 / 优游 (yōuyóu)
優渥 / 优渥 (yōuwò)
優游不迫 / 优游不迫
優游自在 / 优游自在
優獎 / 优奖
優生保健 / 优生保健
優生學 / 优生学 (yōushēngxué)
優異 / 优异 (yōuyì)
優禮 / 优礼 (yōulǐ)
優秀 / 优秀 (yōuxiù)
優笑 / 优笑
優等 / 优等 (yōuděng)
優缽羅 / 优钵罗
優美 / 优美 (yōuměi)
優良 / 优良 (yōuliáng)
優處 / 优处
優裕 / 优裕 (yōuyù)
優角 / 优角
優詔 / 优诏
優貢 / 优贡
優質 / 优质 (yōuzhì)
優越 / 优越 (yōuyuè)
優越感 / 优越感 (yōuyuègǎn)
優遊 / 优游 (yōuyóu)
優遇 / 优遇 (yōuyù)
優選法 / 优选法
優酪乳 / 优酪乳 (yōulàorǔ)
優長 / 优长
優閒 / 优闲 (yōuxián)
優雅 / 优雅 (yōuyǎ)
優養化 / 优养化
優點 / 优点 (yōudiǎn)
名優 / 名优 (míngyōu)
名特優新 / 名特优新
品學兼優 / 品学兼优 (pǐnxuéjiānyōu)
女優 / 女优 (nǚyōu)
娼優 / 娼优
學優才贍 / 学优才赡
學優而仕 / 学优而仕 (xuéyōu'érshì)
弄優 / 弄优
從優 / 从优 (cóngyōu)
才勇兼優 / 才勇兼优
才學兼優 / 才学兼优
擇優 / 择优 (zéyōu)
特優 / 特优 (tèyōu)
男優 / 男优 (nányōu)
空優迷彩 / 空优迷彩
績優 / 绩优
績優股 / 绩优股 (jìyōugǔ)
膽識俱優 / 胆识俱优
衣冠優孟 / 衣冠优孟
資優 / 资优 (zīyōu)
資優生 / 资优生
雜種優勢 / 杂种优势
養尊處優 / 养尊处优 (yǎngzūnchǔyōu)
高貴優雅 / 高贵优雅

References

“優”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “优”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.