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於
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 于
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Translingual
Alternative forms
- The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方 or 㫃 (see below).
Han character
於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人卜 (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))
Descendants
Derived characters
Additional Derived Characters
- 𰂔, 𭂔, 𡌧, 𢛨, 𢮁, 𣨝, 𤉪, 𤥽, 𮌠, 𪦟, 𨨡, 𫵦, 𩜏, 𩩦, 𨔆, 𣃶, 𱗬, 𬱍, 𭤹, 𬿎, 𣄒, 𩩘
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 481, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
- Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
- Unihan data for U+65BC
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
In Mandarin this is innovatively pronounced yú. Schuessler (2007) sees this pronunciation from 于, essentially treating this phenomenon as xundu (訓讀 / 训读). While Sun (2018) sees this innovative pronunciation as having developed phonetically.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yu / 2yu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yú
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu1
- Yale: yū
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy1
- Guangdong Romanization: yu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
- Tâi-lô: û
- Phofsit Daibuun: uu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
- Tâi-lô: îr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
- Tâi-lô: î
- Phofsit Daibuun: ii
- IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u
- Tâi-lô: u
- Phofsit Daibuun: w
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ir
- Tâi-lô: ir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
- Tâi-lô: i
- Phofsit Daibuun: y
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: i1 / e1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: i / ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /i³³/, /ɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: 'jo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qa/
Definitions
於
- (indicates time or place) in; at; on
- (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
- 求助於人／求助于人 ― qiúzhù yú rén ― to ask people for help
- 不滿足於現狀／不满足于现状 ― bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng ― not satisfied with the status quo
- 有益於健康／有益于健康 ― yǒuyì yú jiànkāng ― good for health
- 目前總的國際形勢和國內形勢於我們有利，於侵略者不利。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1950, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《给中国人民志愿军的命令》 (Order to the Chinese People's Volunteers), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Mùqián zǒng de guójì xíngshì hé guónèi xíngshì yú wǒmen yǒulì, yú qīnlüèzhě bùlì. [Pinyin]
- At present, the international and domestic situation as a whole is favourable to us, not to the aggressors.
目前总的国际形势和国内形势于我们有利，于侵略者不利。 [MSC, simp.]
- (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
- (indicates beginning or source) from
- (indicates the agent of action) by
- (indicates comparison) than
- (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
Compounds
- 一至於此 / 一至于此
- 不中於款 / 不中于款
- 不安於位 / 不安于位
- 不安於室 / 不安于室
- 不形於色 / 不形于色 (bùxíngyúsè)
- 不絕於耳 / 不绝于耳 (bùjuéyú'ěr)
- 不至於 / 不至于 (bùzhìyú)
- 不致於 / 不致于 (bùzhìyú)
- 亞於 / 亚于 (yàyú)
- 人浮於事 / 人浮于事 (rénfúyúshì)
- 人浮於食 / 人浮于食
- 仰給於人 / 仰给于人
- 位於 / 位于 (wèiyú)
- 供過於求 / 供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
- 借聽於聾 / 借听于聋
- 假力於人 / 假力于人
- 公諸於世 / 公诸于世 (gōngzhūyúshì)
- 利多於弊 / 利多于弊
- 危於累卵 / 危于累卵
- 厝薪於火 / 厝薪于火
- 取信於人 / 取信于人
- 同歸於盡 / 同归于尽 (tóngguīyújìn)
- 問道於盲 / 问道于盲
- 喜形於色 / 喜形于色
- 善於 / 善于 (shànyú)
- 嚴於律己 / 严于律己
- 在於 / 在于 (zàiyú)
- 垂於將來 / 垂于将来
- 基於 / 基于 (jīyú)
- 嫁禍於人 / 嫁祸于人 (jiàhuòyúrén)
- 安於一隅 / 安于一隅
- 安於泰山 / 安于泰山
- 安於現狀 / 安于现状 (ānyúxiànzhuàng)
- 定於一尊 / 定于一尊 (dìngyúyīzūn)
- 寓兵於農 / 寓兵于农
- 寓教於樂 / 寓教于乐 (yùjiàoyúlè)
- 寓禁於征
- 專美於前 / 专美于前
- 對於 / 对于 (duìyú)
- 屬於 / 属于 (shǔyú)
- 形於言色 / 形于言色
- 形於辭色 / 形于辞色
- 形於顏色 / 形于颜色
- 忠於職守 / 忠于职守
- 怒形於色 / 怒形于色
- 急於星火 / 急于星火
- 情溢於表 / 情溢于表
- 憂形於色 / 忧形于色
- 拙於言辭 / 拙于言辞
- 推舟於陸 / 推舟于陆
- 敏於伎 / 敏于伎
- 敗於垂成 / 败于垂成
- 於事無濟 / 于事无济
- 於事無補 / 于事无补 (yúshìwúbǔ)
- 於今 / 于今 (yújīn)
- 於伏 / 于伏
- 於何 / 于何
- 於家為國 / 于家为国
- 於心不安 / 于心不安
- 於心不忍 / 于心不忍 (yúxīnbùrěn)
- 於心何忍 / 于心何忍 (yúxīnhérěn)
- 於心無愧 / 于心无愧
- 於斯 / 于斯
- 於是 / 于是 (yúshì)
- 於是乎 / 于是乎 (yúshìhū)
- 於民潤國 / 于民润国
- 於法無據 / 于法无据
- 於潛 / 於潜 (Yúqián)
- 於焉 / 于焉
- 於陵
- 易於反掌 / 易于反掌
- 暴屍於市 / 暴尸于市 (bàoshīyúshì)
- 月離於畢 / 月离于毕
- 月麗於箕 / 月丽于箕
- 有鑒於此 / 有鉴于此 (yǒujiànyúcǐ)
- 有鑑於此 / 有鉴于此 (yǒujiànyúcǐ)
- 染指於鼎 / 染指于鼎
- 格於成例 / 格于成例
- 格於環境 / 格于环境
- 業精於勤 / 业精于勤
- 止於至善 / 止于至善 (zhǐyúzhìshàn)
- 歸於 / 归于 (guīyú)
- 死於非命 / 死于非命 (sǐyúfēimìng)
- 毀於一旦 / 毁于一旦 (huǐyúyīdàn)
- 求過於供 / 求过于供
- 求道於盲 / 求道于盲
- 流傳於世 / 流传于世
- 流於形式 / 流于形式
- 淡於名利 / 淡于名利
- 源於 / 源于 (yuányú)
- 溢於言表 / 溢于言表 (yìyúyánbiǎo)
- 瀕於 / 濒于 (bīnyú)
- 無動於衷 / 无动于衷 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
- 無濟於事 / 无济于事 (wújìyúshì)
- 無補於世 / 无补于世
- 無補於事 / 无补于事 (wúbǔyúshì)
- 無補於時 / 无补于时
- 燕巢於幕 / 燕巢于幕
- 生於憂患，死於安樂 / 生于忧患，死于安乐 (shēng yú yōuhuàn, sǐ yú ānlè)
- 由於 / 由于 (yóuyú)
- 疏於 / 疏于 (shūyú)
- 疲於奔命 / 疲于奔命 (píyúbēnmìng)
- 相於 / 相于
- 禍生於忽 / 祸生于忽
- 窮於應付 / 穷于应付
- 等於 / 等于 (děngyú)
- 終於 / 终于 (zhōngyú)
- 絡繹於途 / 络绎于途
- 罷於奔命 / 罢于奔命
- 義形於色 / 义形于色
- 老於世故 / 老于世故 (lǎoyúshìgù)
- 耿耿於心 / 耿耿于心
- 耿耿於懷 / 耿耿于怀 (gěnggěngyúhuái)
- 聊勝於無 / 聊胜于无 (liáoshèngyúwú)
- 聞名於世 / 闻名于世 (wénmíngyúshì)
- 膽大於天 / 胆大于天
- 至於 / 至于 (zhìyú)
- 血濃於水 / 血浓于水 (xuènóngyúshuǐ)
- 行成於思 / 行成于思
- 見堯於牆 / 见尧于墙
- 見於 / 见于
- 見笑於人 / 见笑于人
- 言歸於好 / 言归于好 (yánguīyúhǎo)
- 詢於芻蕘 / 询于刍荛
- 謹於心 / 谨于心
- 輕於鴻毛 / 轻于鸿毛 (qīngyúhóngmáo)
- 迫於眉睫 / 迫于眉睫
- 退藏於密 / 退藏于密
- 過於 / 过于 (guòyú)
- 重於泰山 / 重于泰山 (zhòng yú Tàishān)
- 鑒於 / 鉴于 (jiànyú)
- 關於 / 关于 (guānyú)
- 難於上天 / 难于上天
- 青出於藍 / 青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán)
- 青過於藍 / 青过于蓝
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yu / 2yu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yú
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yū
- Zhuyin: ㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yu
- Wade–Giles: yü1
- Yale: yū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: yū - surname sense in Mainland.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu1
- Yale: yū
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy1
- Guangdong Romanization: yu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u
- Tâi-lô: u
- Phofsit Daibuun: w
- IPA (Xiamen): /u⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ir
- Tâi-lô: ir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
- Tâi-lô: i
- Phofsit Daibuun: y
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: u1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: u
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: 'jo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qa/
Definitions
於
- a surname
Usage notes
The surname 於 is to be distinguished from another surname 于. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.
Etymology 3
Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wu1
- Eastern Min (BUC): ŭ
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wū
- Zhuyin: ㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wu
- Wade–Giles: wu1
- Yale: wū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wu1
- Yale: wū
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu1
- Guangdong Romanization: wu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: 'u
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qaː/
Definitions
於
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
於
- in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings)
Readings
Etymology
A legacy of Literary Chinese 於 (“at”).
Symbol
於
Korean
Etymology 1
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Etymology 2
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
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