冘

See also: 穴 and 六

冘 U+5198, 冘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5198 ← 冗 [U+5197] CJK Unified Ideographs 写 → [U+5199]

Translingual

Han character

冘 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中月山 (LBU), four-corner 4021₂, composition ⿸⿻冖丿乚)

Derived characters

• 𠆶, 𠖑, 𠖙, 㓄/𪠟, 𠛌, 𠠹, 㕪, 𫭃, 𭎃, 𡖓, 妉, 𭖉, 帎, 𢇧, 𢑝, 忱, 𢗐, 𢘚, 抌, 𢻼, 𢼈, 𣅟, 䶻, 枕, 𣜣, 𣢌, 㱽, 沈, 沊, 㶩, 𤘣, 𤜴, 𪻔, 㼉, 𤫯, 瓭, 㽎, 𭻄, 㽸, 眈, 𥑀, 𮁡, 𥝴, 𥤷, 𥫹, 紞/𬘘, 耽, 䏙, 𦥟, 䒞, 𮓻, 𧊼, 𮔃, 衴, 𧣁, 訦/𰵒, 𫍈, 𮙌, 𧴸, 𧺟, 𧿒, 躭, 𨋄, 𨑻, 邥, 酖, 醓, 鈂/𬬵, 䧵, 𩈉, 䪴/𫖫, 馾/𩨥, 髧, 𩵫, 魫/𱇙, 鴆/鸩, 𮬮, 黆, 黕, 𪔽

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1567
• Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 302, character 17
• Unihan data for U+5198

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冘
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冘	*lu, *lum
抌	*lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖	*lus
貁	*lus
耽	*ʔl'uːm
眈	*ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖	*ʔl'uːm
妉	*ʔl'uːm
黕	*ʔl'uːmʔ
衴	*ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭	*ʔl'uːmʔ
馾	*ʔl'uːms
髧	*l'uːmʔ
紞	*ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂	*zlum, *l'um
沈	*l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉	*l'um
枕	*l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐	*l'um
霃	*l'um
鴆	*l'ums
訦	*ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱	*ɦljum
邥	*hljumʔ
魫	*hljumʔ

Pictogram (象形) — A man carrying an object on their shoulder. The original form of 儋 (OC *ʔl'aːm, “to carry on the shoulder”). It should also be noted that the oracle bone character may be interpreted as 何. (Ji Xusheng, 2004)

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lam (“road, way, path”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): îm

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jam⁴
    • Yale: yàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îm
    • Tâi-lô: îm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /im²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /im²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /im¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /im²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /im²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yim

Rime
Character	冘
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘針切
Baxter	yim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/jim/
Shao Rongfen	/jem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jim/
Li Rong	/iəm/
Wang Li	/jĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lum/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冘
Reading #	2/2
No.	15270
Phonetic component	冘
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	淫
Old Chinese	/*lum/

Definitions

冘

1. (literary, obsolete) moving forward steadily

   alt. forms: 𢓕

Compounds

• 冘冘

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yóu (you²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iû

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
    • Wade–Giles: yu²
    • Yale: yóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
    • Tâi-lô: iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yuw

Rime
Character	冘
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lu/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冘
Reading #	1/2
No.	15236
Phonetic component	冘
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lu/

Definitions

冘

1. archaic form of 尤 (yóu), only used in 冘豫 and 冘疑

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 冘 – see 冗 (“superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant; etc.”). (This character is an obsolete form of 冗).

References

• 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “冘”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00205
• “冘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

冘

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): いん (in)、ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}、ゆ (yu)
• Kun: おこたる (okotaru)、ためらふ (tamerafu)、うたがふ (utagafu)

Korean

Hanja

冘 (eum 유 (yu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

冘: Hán Nôm readings: đem, dâm, nhũng

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