侵

侵 U+4FB5, 侵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FB5 ← 侴 [U+4FB4] CJK Unified Ideographs 侶 → [U+4FB6]

Translingual

Han character

侵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人尸一水 (OSME), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰亻𠬶)

Derived characters

• 寑, 葠, 䈜, 蘉

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠸬, 𣷽, 𨃏, 𣋨, 𩤨, 𱆷, 𭁾, 𮄊, 𩮕, 𱾯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 646
• Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 166, character 12
• Unihan data for U+4FB5

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侵
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j19020 j19021 j19022 j19023 j19024 j19025 j19026 j19027 j19028 j19029 j19030 j19031 j19032 j19033 j19034 j19035 j19036 Bronze inscriptions b12332 Small seal script s05791 Transcribed ancient scripts L33710 L33711 L33712 L33713 L12221 L12222 L12223 L12224 L12225
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鋟	*ʔsem, *sʰem, *sʰimʔ
綅	*sem, *ʔsim, *sʰim
祲	*ʔsim, *ʔsims
埐	*ʔsim, *zim
梫	*ʔsim, *sʰimʔ, *sʰrim
濅	*ʔsimʔ, *ʔsims
浸	*ʔsims, *sʰim
侵	*sʰim
駸	*sʰim, *sʰrim
寢	*sʰimʔ
寑	*sʰimʔ
薓	*srim

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 帚 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – a person with a broom in hand.

Etymology 1

trad.		侵
simp. #		侵
2nd round simp.		⿰亻彐
alternative forms		㑴 𢔀

Two Sino-Tibetan etymologies are possible:

• Cognate with Tibetan སྟིམ་པ (stim pa, “to enter; to penetrate”), Tibetan ཐིམ་པ (thim pa, “to dissolve; to disappear; absorbed”), though the two terms agree just as well with 浸 (OC *ʔsims, *sʰim) (Schuessler, 2007), or
• From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *syim (“sweep”) (STEDT); cognate with Anong śim (“to sweep”), Lhao Vo śam (“to sweep”), Burmese သိမ်း (sim:, “to gather in; to take possession of”). Note the graph 侵 shows a broom (帚) which may carry a semantic function (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qīn (qin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cam¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tim¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhîm

  (Hailu, HRS): cim^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cim¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cin
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin¹
    • Yale: chīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cam¹
    • Yale: chām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰim³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: qim^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: cim^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cing¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ching
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim
    • Tâi-lô: tshim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰim³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹chin
    • MiniDict: chin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 侵
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰin¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰiə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰin⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰin¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰin³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰin³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰin³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sim²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡seiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sim²³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshim

Rime
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七林切
Baxter	tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰim/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ][i]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰim/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn
Middle Chinese	‹ tshim ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ][i]m/
English	invade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
No.	10484
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	侵
Old Chinese	/*sʰim/
Notes	甲金文象持帚驅策牛豕以至人， 穀樑傳隱五年：苞人民毆牛馬曰侵

Definitions

侵

1. (literary) to gradually go in
2. to invade; to encroach

   侵略  ―  qīnlüè  ―  to invade

   • 四年春，齊侯以諸侯之師侵蔡。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     四年春，齐侯以诸侯之师侵蔡。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Sì nián chūn, Qí hóu yǐ zhūhóu zhī shī qīn Cài. [Pinyin]

     In this year, in spring, the marquis of Qi, with the forces of many of the princes, made an incursion into Cai.

3. approaching

   侵晨  ―  qīnchén  ―  the approach of daybreak

4. a surname

Compounds

• 互不侵犯
• 侵事
• 侵佔 / 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
• 侵侮
• 侵傍
• 侵入 (qīnrù)
• 侵凌 (qīnlíng)
• 侵削
• 侵剝百端 / 侵剥百端
• 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
• 侵占罪
• 侵吞 (qīntūn)
• 侵哄
• 侵噬
• 侵奪 / 侵夺
• 侵官
• 侵害 (qīnhài)
• 侵尋 / 侵寻 (qīnxún)
• 侵徹力 / 侵彻力
• 侵掠 (qīnlüè)
• 侵擾 / 侵扰 (qīnrǎo)
• 侵早
• 侵星
• 侵晨 (qīnchén)
• 侵暴
• 侵曉 / 侵晓 (qīnxiǎo)
• 侵權行為 / 侵权行为 (qīnquán xíngwéi)
• 侵淫
• 侵漁 / 侵渔
• 侵瀆 / 侵渎
• 侵牟
• 侵犯 (qīnfàn)
• 侵用
• 侵略 (qīnlüè)
• 侵略主義 / 侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
• 侵略者 (qīnlüèzhě)
• 侵肌透骨
• 侵蝕 / 侵蚀 (qīnshí)
• 侵蝕作用 / 侵蚀作用
• 侵蝕基準 / 侵蚀基准
• 侵蝕平原 / 侵蚀平原
• 侵蝕循環 / 侵蚀循环
• 侵襲 / 侵袭 (qīnxí)
• 侵越 (qīnyuè)
• 侵陵 (qīnlíng)
• 入侵 (rùqīn)
• 冷語侵人 / 冷语侵人
• 匈奴入侵
• 大侵
• 大舉入侵 / 大举入侵
• 幕侵天
• 廝侵 / 厮侵
• 性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
• 死臨侵 / 死临侵
• 略地侵城
• 百毒不侵 (bǎidúbùqīn)

Etymology 2

trad.		侵
simp. #		侵
alternative forms		摻／掺

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cam¹
    • Yale: chām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

Definitions

侵 (Cantonese)

1. to add in (water or other fluid)
2. to allow (somebody) to join

   佢哋唔侵我玩。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   keoi⁵ dei⁶ m⁴ cam¹ ngo⁵ waan². [Jyutping]

   They won't let me play with them.

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “侵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 189.