弦 - Wikiwand

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	弦/絃^*
simp.	弦
alternative forms	⿰弓𤣥𢎺𢏸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
弦	*ɡeːn
絃	ɡeːn, qʰʷeːn
舷	*ɡeːn
痃	*ɡeːn
胘	ɡeːn, ɡʷeːn
蚿	*ɡeːn
伭	*ɡeːn
婱	*ɡeːn
玄	*ɡʷeːn
眩	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玹	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玆	*ɡʷeːn
詃	*kʷeːn
泫	*ɡʷeːn
鉉	*ɡʷeːn
炫	*ɡʷeːn
袨	*ɡʷeːn
衒	*ɡʷeːn
惤	*ɡʷreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián, xuán (xian², xuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ, ㄒㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ / jyun⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn

(Hailu, HRS): hien

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian²
Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̌ing
Eastern Min (BUC): hièng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hin⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sián
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Yale: syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiánr
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siánr
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²-ʼrh
  - Yale: syánr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyal
  - Palladius: сяньр (sjanʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuán
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan²
  - Yale: sywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
  - Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁴ / jyun⁴
  - Yale: yìhn / yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ / jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ / yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/

Note: jyun4 - variant (proscribed).

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien
  - Sinological IPA: /hien⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /hian¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
  - Tâi-lô: hiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hin⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hîⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/

Dialectal data

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 弦
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao	/ɕyã⁴²/
Zhengzhou	/ɕyan⁴²/
Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子 /ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu	/ɕyan³¹/
Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing	/ɕyen²⁴/
Hefei	/ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕye¹¹/
Pingyao	/ɕye̞¹³/
Hohhot	/ɕye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka	Meixian	/hian¹¹/
Taoyuan	/hien¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
Nanning	/jin²¹/
Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hian³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew)	/hĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese)	/hin³¹/ /i³¹/

Middle Chinese: hen

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡田切
Baxter	hen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣen/
Wang Li	/ɣien/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːn/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁi[n]/
English	string of bow or instrument
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
No.	14020
Phonetic component	玄
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	賢
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːn/

Definitions

弦

string; bowstring
crescent
spring of a clock
(music) string on a musical instrument
(music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
(mathematics) chord
(geometry) hypotenuse
(figurative) wife
a surname

Compounds

一弦琴
七弦琴
三和弦 (sānhéxián)
下弦 (xiàxián)
三弦 (sānxián)
上弦 (shàngxián)
三弦書 / 三弦书
主和弦
二十五弦
二弦 (èrxián)
佩弦
佩韋佩弦 / 佩韦佩弦
公弦
六弦琴 (liùxiánqín)
初弦 (chūxián)
動人心弦 / 动人心弦 (dòngrénxīnxián)
口弦 (kǒuxián)
叩人心弦
合弦
和弦 (héxián)
品竹調弦 / 品竹调弦
單弦 / 单弦 (dānxián)
單弦拉戲 / 单弦拉戏
單弦說唱 / 单弦说唱
四弦琴 (sìxiánqín)
大三弦
如箭在弦
子弦
定弦
弓弦 (gōngxián)
弦不虛發 / 弦不虚发
弦仔
弦切角
弦吹
弦外之意
弦外之音 (xiánwàizhīyīn)
弦子 (xiánzi)
弦心距
弦月 (xiányuè)
弦柱
弦樂 / 弦乐 (xiányuè)
弦樂器 / 弦乐器 (xiányuèqì)
弦歌 (xiángē)
弦歌不輟 / 弦歌不辍
弦紋 / 弦纹
弦誦 / 弦诵
弦面板
弦韋 / 弦韦
心弦 (xīnxián)
應弦飲羽 / 应弦饮羽
扣人心弦 (kòurénxīnxián)
把弦兒 / 把弦儿
拉弦子
控弦 (kòngxián)
揉弦 (róuxián)
撥弦 / 拨弦
撥弦樂器 / 拨弦乐器
擦弦樂器 / 擦弦乐器
改弦易張 / 改弦易张
改弦易調 / 改弦易调
改弦易轍 / 改弦易辙 (gǎixiányìzhé)
改弦更張 / 改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
斷弦 / 断弦 (duànxián)
更弦易轍 / 更弦易辙
朱弦玉磬
正弦 (zhèngxián)
武城弦歌
無弦琴 / 无弦琴
獨弦哀歌 / 独弦哀歌
獨弦琴 / 独弦琴 (dúxiánqín)
琴弦 (qínxián)
琴斷朱弦 / 琴断朱弦
矢在弦上
空弦落雁
管弦 (guǎnxián)
管弦樂 / 管弦乐 (guǎnxiányuè)
管弦樂團 / 管弦乐团 (guǎnxián yuètuán)
箭在弦上
素女弦
繁弦急管
續弦 / 续弦 (xùxián)
續弦膠 / 续弦胶
老弦
舜弦
解弦更張 / 解弦更张
調弦 / 调弦
鉤弦 / 钩弦
開弦弓 / 开弦弓 (Kāixiángōng)
霹靂弦 / 霹雳弦
韋弦 / 韦弦
餘弦 / 余弦 (yúxián)
餘弦定律 / 余弦定律
鼓吹弦

References

“弦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

弦

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Wikiwand - on