恣

恣 U+6063, 恣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6063 ← 恢 [U+6062] CJK Unified Ideographs 恤 → [U+6064]

Translingual

Han character

恣 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人心 (IOP) or 一人心 (MOP), four-corner 3733₈, composition ⿱次心)

Derived characters

• 懿

Additional Derived Characters

• 𫱝, 𧫎, 𮢯, 𲊟, 𢤥, 𩥝, 𬤹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10580
• Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2292, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6063

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
咨	*ʔsli
資	*ʔsli
姿	*ʔsli
粢	*ʔsli
諮	*ʔsli
恣	*ʔslis
澬	*ʔsli, *zli
趑	*sʰli
蠀	*sʰli
次	*sn̥ʰis
佽	*sl̥ʰis
絘	*sl̥ʰis
薋	*zli
瓷	*zli
茨	*zli
餈	*zli
垐	*zli, *zlɯɡ
楶	*ʔsliːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔslis): phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad.		恣
simp. #		恣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zì, zī (zi⁴, zi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ, ㄗ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci³ / zi¹ / zi³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zì
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyh
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
    • Yale: dz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: ci³ / zi¹ / zi³
    • Yale: chi / jī / ji
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi³ / dzi¹ / dzi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi³ / ji¹ / ji³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³³/, /t͡siː⁵⁵/, /t͡siː³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsijH

Rime
Character	恣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	資四切
Baxter	tsijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siH/
Li Rong	/t͡siH/
Wang Li	/t͡siH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡siH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsi[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslis/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsijH ›
Old Chinese	/*tsi[t]-s/
English	unrestrained, license
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恣
Reading #	1/1
No.	1790
Phonetic component	次
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	恣
Old Chinese	/*ʔslis/

Definitions

恣

1. to indulge oneself; to be profligate; to throw off restraint

   • 聖王不作，諸侯放恣，處士橫議。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     圣王不作，诸侯放恣，处士横议。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shèngwáng bùzuò, zhūhóu fàngzì, chǔshì hèngyì. [Pinyin]

     Sage sovereigns cease to arise, the princes of the States give the reins to their lusts. Unemployed scholars indulge in unreasonable discussions.

2. to allow someone to do as they please
3. wantonly; to one’s heart's content
4. to change

Compounds

• 專恣跋扈 / 专恣跋扈
• 恣心所欲
• 恣情
• 恣情縱欲 / 恣情纵欲
• 恣意 (zìyì)
• 恣意妄為 / 恣意妄为 (zìyìwàngwéi)
• 恣意妄行
• 恣睢
• 恣睢無忌 / 恣睢无忌
• 恣縱 / 恣纵
• 恣肆 (zìsì)
• 恣肆無忌 / 恣肆无忌
• 恣虐
• 放恣
• 暴厲恣睢 / 暴厉恣睢
• 暴恣
• 暴戾恣睢
• 桀逆放恣
• 橫恣 / 横恣
• 汪洋自恣
• 狂恣
• 縱恣 / 纵恣
• 縱情恣欲 / 纵情恣欲
• 自恣
• 豪恣
• 跋扈自恣
• 逸游自恣
• 驕恣 / 骄恣

Etymology 2

trad.		恣
simp. #		恣
alternative forms		自

Clipping of 自在 (zìzai) (Xu, 1990) or 自得 (zìdé).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zì (zi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zì
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyh
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

恣

1. (dialectal) comfortable; cosy

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 恣

恣

(Jōyō kanji)

1. selfish

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: ほしいまま (hoshiimama, 恣)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
恣
し Grade: S
on'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 恣 – see the following entry.

【縦ほしいまま】6 [adjective] selfish, at will [adjective] arbitrary Alternative spellings 擅, 欲しい儘, 欲しい侭, 肆

(This term, 恣, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “^△恣”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

恣 (eum 자 (ja))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恣: Hán Nôm readings: thư, tứ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation