心

See also: 必

心 U+5FC3, 心 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3 ← 忂 [U+5FC2] CJK Unified Ideographs 忄 → [U+5FC4]

⼼ U+2F3C, ⼼ KANGXI RADICAL HEART ← ⼻ [U+2F3B] Kangxi Radicals ⼽ → [U+2F3D]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
• 㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)

Han character

See images of
Radical 61 心

心 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 3300₀, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶 or ⿲丿⿺㇃丶丶)

1. Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

Usage notes

When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/心
• 伈, 𠖶, 吣, 𡉾, 𡚿, 抋, 沁, 𣅵, 𦙦, 杺, 𤆸, 𬌓, 𪻒, 𥘚, 𥹀, 𥿂, 𬚲, 𠴤, 𫴭, 訫, 𧺨, 𨊳, 𨠉, 鈊, 𪶚, 𩵽, 𩾽
• 吢, 𬐘, 𠓣, 孞, 𫲽, 芯, 𬅟, 𬌔, 𥥁, 𡧫, 𬜫, 𬔰, 窓, 𩂈, 𦵃, 𮪾, 𠼿, 𥯱, 𧃅, 𧀱, 𧂡, 𥌷, 𧮗, 𫻪, 𠪾, 𤵂, 𤻮, 虑, 𧆹, 闷, 𨶡
• 徳, 聴, 𠍴, 𠎝, 䧭, 䏋

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
• Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5FC3

simp. and trad.		心
alternative forms		⺗ 㣺 忄

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 心 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 心 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 心
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
沁	*sʰlɯms
吣	*sʰlɯms
心	*slɯm
杺	*slɯm
伈	*slɯmʔ

Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 心
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/siə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/sin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sin³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/saŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/siʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/sin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sin³³/
	Xiangtan	/sin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sim⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/sim²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɬɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sim⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sim³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tim²³/

Rime
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息林切
Baxter	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sim/
Li Rong	/siəm/
Wang Li	/sĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*səm/
English	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
No.	13801
Phonetic component	心
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	心
Old Chinese	/*slɯm/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin¹

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xǐn

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): sìn

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щин (xin, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sam¹

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): sam¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhim¹

  (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): slam¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sîm

  (Hailu, HRS): sim^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xim¹

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): seng¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): séng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim¹ / sing¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xim¹

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slam¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹shin / ¹sin
  • (Jinhua): ¹sin
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): sin¹

  (Loudi, Wiktionary): sin¹

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): xin¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sin
    • Wade–Giles: hsin¹
    • Yale: syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
    • Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: xǐn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiẽ²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: sìn
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): sin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sĩ³¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щин (xin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam¹
    • Yale: sām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm⁵⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: sam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬim³³/
  • (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
    • Jyutping++: slam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɐm³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: xim^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sim^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /sim⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sim⁴⁴/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA: /seŋ³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim
    • Tâi-lô: sim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sym
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim¹ / sing¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sim / sing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim³³/, /siŋ³³/

Note:

• sim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak;
• sing1 - Chenghai.

• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: xim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sim³⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: slam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬəm⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ¹shin
    • MiniDict: shin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɕin⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕin³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɕiŋ⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiŋ⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɕiŋ⁵³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹sin
    • MiniDict: sin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /siŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /siŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sin⁴⁴/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ¹sin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /siŋ³³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /sin³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕin³³/
  • (Loudi)
    • Wiktionary: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sin⁴⁴/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: xin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴⁴⁵/

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• Dialectal data

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• Middle Chinese: sim

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*səm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*slɯm/

Definitions

心

1. heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 個／个