恤

See also: 賉, 卹, and 䘏

恤 U+6064, 恤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6064 ← 恣 [U+6063] CJK Unified Ideographs 恥 → [U+6065]

Translingual

Han character

恤 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹月廿 (PHBT), four-corner 9701₀, composition ⿰忄血)

1. show pity
2. relieve, help

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10583
• Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6064

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (血) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
侐	*qʰʷiɡs, *qʰʷɯɡ
血	*qʰʷiːɡ
恤	*sqʰʷiɡ
卹	*sqʰʷiɡ
賉	*sqʰʷiɡ
欰	*sqʰʷiɡ
洫	*qʰʷɯɡ
殈	*qʰʷeːɡ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		恤

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xù (xu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit
• Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeh⁶ / hyoeh⁶ / soh⁶ / suoh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sut

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sug⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷shiuq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xù
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syù
    • Wade–Giles: hsü⁴
    • Yale: syù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seot¹
    • Yale: sēut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
    • Hakka Romanization System: xid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: he̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hyoeh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyøʔ²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: soh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seoh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: suoh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
    • Tâi-lô: sut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sud
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sug⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suk̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷shiuq
    • MiniDict: shiuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴xyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恤
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕy⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕy³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕye³¹/ /ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/sy⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕioʔ⁵/ /ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/siəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyeʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕy⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/si²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/si⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/sit̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/søt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sut̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suk̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/se⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: swit

Rime
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	辛聿切
Baxter	swit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swit̚/
Li Rong	/siuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[m]i[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xù
Middle Chinese	‹ swit ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[m]i[t]/
English	anxiety
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
No.	14099
Phonetic component	血
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	卹
Old Chinese	/*sqʰʷiɡ/

Definitions

恤

1. to misgive
2. to sympathize
3. to compensate
4. (archaic) to mind; to be concerned in

   女罪之不恤，而又何請焉？不速死，司寇將至。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
   女罪之不恤，而又何请焉？不速死，司寇将至。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

   From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

   Rǔ zuì zhī bùxù, ér yòu hé qǐng yān? Bù sù sǐ, sīkòu jiāng zhì. [Pinyin]

   You show no concern over you own crimes, so what demands are there that are yours to make? In case you fail to bring about your own immediate death, the sikou is coming to take you in any moment.

Compounds

• 不恤 (bùxù)
• 優恤 / 优恤
• 勤恤
• 周恤
• 國恤 / 国恤
• 嫠不恤緯 / 嫠不恤纬
• 存恤 (cúnxù)
• 安富恤窮 / 安富恤穷
• 安富恤貧 / 安富恤贫
• 安民恤眾 / 安民恤众 (ānmínxùzhòng)
• 恤事
• 恤刑
• 恤功
• 恤勞 / 恤劳
• 恤嫠
• 恤孤
• 恤孤念寡
• 恤孤念苦
• 恤恤
• 恩恤
• 恤然
• 恤病
• 恤老憐貧 / 恤老怜贫
• 恤貧 / 恤贫
• 恤近忽遠 / 恤近忽远
• 恤隱 / 恤隐
• 患難相恤 / 患难相恤
• 惠恤
• 憂國恤民 / 忧国恤民
• 憐恤 / 怜恤 (liánxù)
• 憫恤 / 悯恤
• 憐貧恤老 / 怜贫恤老
• 憐貧恤苦 / 怜贫恤苦
• 振窮恤寡 / 振穷恤寡
• 撫孤恤寡 / 抚孤恤寡
• 撫恤 / 抚恤 (fǔxù)
• 收恤
• 救災恤患 / 救灾恤患
• 敬老恤貧 / 敬老恤贫
• 欽恤 / 钦恤
• 淹恤
• 畏天恤民
• 矜恤 (jīnxù)
• 矜貧恤獨 / 矜贫恤独
• 賑恤 / 赈恤
• 軫恤 / 轸恤
• 銜恤 / 衔恤
• 順天恤民 / 顺天恤民
• 顧恤 / 顾恤
• 體恤 / 体恤 (tǐxù)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		恤
alternative forms		戌 銊／𫓰

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seot¹
    • Yale: sēut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵/

Definitions

恤

1. (Cantonese) bolt; latch
2. (Cantonese) to bolt; to latch

   恤門／恤门 [Cantonese]  ―  seot¹ mun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to bolt the door

Compounds

• 門恤 / 门恤

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		恤

For pronunciation and definitions of 恤 – see 裇. (This character is a variant form of 裇).

Compounds

• T恤 (tì xù)
• 恤衫 (xùshān)

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恤”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 恤

恤

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しゅち (shuchi)
• Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
• Kan’yō-on: じゅつ (jutsu)
• Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 恤れむ)、うれえる (ureeru, 恤える)、めぐむ (megumu, 恤む)
• Nanori: めぐむ (megumu)

Korean

Hanja

恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恤: Hán Nôm readings: tuất

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation