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將

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 将
將 U+5C07, 將
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C07
← 将
[U+5C06] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 專 →
[U+5C08]

Translingual

More information Japanese, Simplified ...

Han character

將 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女一月木戈 (VMBDI), four-corner 27242, composition ⿰爿⿱𱼀寸)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7438
  • Dae Jaweon: page 583, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2375, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5C07
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrificial table on which the meat is placed. The sacrificial meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.

The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.

Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).

Etymology

A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.

“to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
Sino-Tibetan: compare Tibetan འཆང ('chang, “to hold, to keep, to carry”).
“will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
Austroasiatic: compare Khmer ចង់ (cɑng, “to want, to wish; to approach, to draw near; about to (do something), on the point of”) < Old Khmer caṅa (“to wish, to want”). Cognate with 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa, “about to; on the point of; moreover; also”) (Wu, 2015).
anteposed object introductory particle
Pulleyblank (1995) notes that 將 as well as several other particles like 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ) and 必 (OC *pliɡ) could in Early Classical Chinese topicalize a noun phrase, including predicate objects who are recapitulated with the verb by the pronoun 是 (OC *djeʔ), leading effectively to a construction in the form of "將 O 是 V" ("to V O"), which he notes is superficially similar to the later colloquial usage of 將 and 把.

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

將

  1. will; going to
    將來／将来  ―  jiānglái  ―  future [lit. will come]
    人類將滅絕嗎？／人类将灭绝吗？  ―  Rénlèi jiāng mièjué ma?  ―  Will humans go extinct?
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soon; in the near future
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nearly; almost
    1. 78th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "on the verge" (𝍓)
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) just; just now
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) certainly; surely
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take; to hold; to carry
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) by; by means of; with
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) also; half ... half ...; or
  9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) if; in the case that ...
  10. Particle introducing the object of the verb, used in the same fashion as 把 but more formal.
    將飯做好／将饭做好  ―  jiāng fàn zuò hǎo  ―  to make the food ready
    將醫生請來／将医生请来  ―  jiāng yīshēng qǐng lái  ―  to send for a doctor
  11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to support; to assist
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to advance; to go
  13. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take orders; to follow
  14. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to see off; to send off
  15. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take along; to bring
  16. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to use; to utilise
  17. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to handle; to deal with
  18. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to eat; to have
  19. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to lead; to guide
    將軍／将军  ―  jiāngjūn  ―  military general
  20. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to submit to; to be obedient to
  21. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to provide for
  22. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to recuperate; to maintain; to take care of one's health
  23. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to express; to convey
  24. (dialectal) to incite someone to action
  25. (dialectal, of animals) to bear (an offspring); to give birth
  26. (chess) to check
    將死／将死  ―  jiāngsǐ  ―  to checkmate
  27. (obsolete or dialectal) Particle placed after the verb and before a resultative phrase (進來, 起來, 進去 etc.).
    走將出來／走将出来  ―  zǒu jiāng chūlái  ―  to walk out
    唱將起來／唱将起来  ―  chàng jiāng qǐlái  ―  to start to sing
  28. (Hong Kong) short for 將軍澳／将军澳 (Jiāngjūn'ào, “Tseung Kwan O”)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“particle introducing a preverbal object”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Usage notes

In Cantonese, when used for introducing the object of a verb, the action should involve a change or movement of the object.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

將

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to command; to lead
  2. (military) general
  3. high-ranking military officer
  4. (xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)
  5. (figurative) dab hand (at something); capable person
Coordinate terms

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

將

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to ask; to request; to invite
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 將將／将将

Compounds

  • 將伯 / 将伯
  • 將伯之助 / 将伯之助
  • 將將 / 将将
  • 將進酒 / 将进酒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (將):
  • → Japanese: 将(しょう) (shō)
  • → Korean: 장(將) (jang)
  • → Vietnamese: tướng (將), tương (將)

References

  • “將”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “将”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 106.
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Japanese

Shinjitai

 将

Kyūjitai

 將

Kanji

將

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 将)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 将

Readings

From 將 (MC tsjang, “just now; also, half... half..., or; take, hold; etc.”):

  • Go-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
  • Kan-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kun: はた (hata, 將)、まさに (masani, 將に)、もって (motte, 將て)

From 將 (MC tsjangH, “command, lead; commander, general; high-ranking military officer”):

Nanori readings:

Etymology

More information Kanji in this term ...

Nominalization of verb 勝る (masaru, “to excel, rival, surpass”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

將(まさる) • (Masaru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 將 (MC tsjangH, “commander”).

More information Historical Readings ...

Pronunciation

  • (in 장군 (將軍, janggun)):
  • (general; commander; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

將 (eumhun 장수(將帥) 장 (jangsu jang))

  1. hanja form? of 장 (“general; commander”) [noun]
Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 將 (MC tsjang, “to take; to hold”).

More information Historical Readings ...

Pronunciation

Hanja

將 (eumhun 장차(將次) 장 (jangcha jang))

  1. hanja form? of 장 (“take, hold; from now on, in the future”) [affix]
Compounds
Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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Old Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

將 (pata) (kana はた)

  1. by chance
  2. also

Derived terms

  • 將や (pata ya)

Descendants

Vietnamese

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