憐憫

See also: 怜悯

Chinese

		to pity	sympathize; to pity
trad. (憐憫)		憐	憫
simp. (怜悯)		怜	悯
alternative forms		憐閔／怜闵 憐愍／怜愍 憐湣／怜湣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liánmǐn

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴ man⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lìn-mén

  (Hailu, HRS): lien men^ˊ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): leng² ming³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liân-bín / lîn-bín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ miang²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liánmǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liánmǐn
    • Wade–Giles: lien²-min³
    • Yale: lyán-mǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianmiin
    • Palladius: ляньминь (ljanʹminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lin⁴ man⁵
    • Yale: lìhn máhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴ man⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴ men⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹ mɐn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn-mén
    • Hakka Romanization System: lin^ˇ men^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lin² men³
    • Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹ men³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: lien men^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /lien⁵⁵ men²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: leng² ming³ [Phonetic: leng⁵ ming³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: léng-mîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: leng² ming³ [Phonetic: leng⁵ ming³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-bín
    • Tâi-lô: liân-bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lienbien
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² bin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ bin⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-bín
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: linbien
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lin²³⁻³³ bin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lin¹³⁻²² bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ bin⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁵ miang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng miáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miaŋ⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: len minX

Rime
Character	憐	憫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	落賢切	眉殞切
Baxter	len	minX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/	/mˠiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/len/	/mᵚinX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/	/mienX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/	/mjinX/
Li Rong	/len/	/mjĕnX/
Wang Li	/lien/	/mǐĕnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lien/	/mi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián	mǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin4	man5

Verb

憐憫

1. to take pity on; to have pity on

   我不需要別人的憐憫。 [MSC, trad.]
   我不需要别人的怜悯。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bù xūyào biérén de liánmǐn. [Pinyin]

   I don't need other people's pity.

Synonyms

edit

• 可憐 / 可怜 (kělián)
• 同情 (tóngqíng)
• 哀憐 / 哀怜 (āilián)
• 哀矜 (āijīn) (literary)
• 心疼 (xīnténg)
• 悲憫 / 悲悯 (bēimǐn)
• 惻隱 / 恻隐 (cèyǐn) (formal)
• 憐惜 / 怜惜 (liánxī)
• 矜憫 / 矜悯 (jīnmǐn) (literary)
• (Ningbonese) 罪過 / 罪过

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (憐憫):

• → Japanese: 憐憫(れんびん) (renbin)
• → Korean: 연민(憐憫) (yeonmin)